Unit 3 Content Flashcards
What are the leading causes of TBI
32% from falls
19% from MVA
18% struck by an object
What are some primary brain injuries
Coup-countercoup
Polar brain injury
Blast injury
Diffuse axonal injury
What are some secondary brain injuries and when do they occur
minutes to hours after an injury
Epidural, Subdural and intracerebral hematomas
What is normal ICP and when should you take action if it is abnormal, what should you never do
4-15 mmHg
over 20 mmHg notify nurse and modify activity
Over 30 mmHg stop all exercise
Never invert these patients
What are some common neuromuscular impairments that result from TBI
Paresis
Abnormal tone
Motor functions
Postural control
What are some common cognitive impairments that result from TBI
Arousal deficits Attention deficits Concentration deficits Memory deficits Learning deficits Executive function deficits
What are some common behavioral impairments that result from TBI
Agitation or aggression Disinhibition Apathy Emotional lability Mental inflexibility Impulsivity Irritability
Describe a Coma
Patient’s eyes are closed, they’re not able to respond, they have no sleep wake
cycles
usually pass away or move to another state
Describe the Glasgow coma scale
3 - 8 - severe injury
9 - 12 - moderate injury
13 - 15 - Minor brain injury
Describe a minimally conscious state
minimal evidence of themselves or the environment
will exhibit localization to stimuli
Describe the Glasgow coma scale scoring
Examines eye opening, motor response and verbal responses
3 - 8 - severe injury
9 - 12 - moderate injury
13 - 15 - Minor brain injury
What age groups and gender are at the highest risk for TBI
0 - 4 years
and
15 - 19 years
males 1.5 times more than females because if reckless behavior
What is a concussion
…a brain injury, and is defined as a complex pathophysiological process
affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces
it is a functional disturbance not a structural one
What generally can cause a concussion
a direct blow to the head neck or fac
What are the 5 acute symptoms
Symptoms - headache, fogginess, emotional liability
Physical signs - LOC, amnesia
Behavioral changes - irritability
Cognitive impairments - slowed reaction times
Sleep disturbances - insomnia