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TRI 3 - NM > Final Exam content > Flashcards

Final Exam content Flashcards

1
Q

What demographic is at the highest risk for MS

A

White women 20-40

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2
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of MS

A

Person is exposed to a virus
Immune response occurs
Immune cells pathologically attack myelin
Damaged myelin slows nerve conduction rates in CNS
Some oligodendrocytes survive and remyelinate damaged parts
Swelling from the immune response also slow nerve conduction

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3
Q

What happens if there is MS of an optic path

A

blurred vision, altered acuity

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4
Q

What happens if there is MS on a corticospinal tract

A

Paresis, spasticity

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5
Q

What happens if there is MS on a dorsal column of the spinal cord

A

Proprioception loss
Paresthesia
Dysesthesias

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6
Q

What happens of there is MS on the cerebellar peduncles

A

Balance and coordination issues
Ataxia
Hypotonia
Vestibular disorders

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7
Q

What can exacerbate MS

A

Viral or bacterial infections

stress

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8
Q

What is a pseudoexacerbation of MS

A

Temporary worsening of symptoms that relieve in 24 hours

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9
Q

What is utoff’s syndrome

A
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10
Q

Describe relapse remitting

A

Pest prognosis
Relapse then return to baseline
eventually there will be no return to base line

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11
Q

Describe secondary progressive

A

Steady and irreversible decline with or without acute attacks

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12
Q

Describe primary progressive

A

steady decline with no acute attacks

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13
Q

Describe progressive relapsing

A

Least common

steady deceleration with acute attack’s

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14
Q

What is RRMS

A

2 attacks that last 24 hours separated by 1 month

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15
Q

What is PPMS

A

Impairments that last for greater than 6 months

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16
Q

What is the framework ffor rehab of MS

A

Restorative
Preventative
Compensatory

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17
Q

Briefly describe ALS

A

UMN and/or LMN degeneration

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18
Q

What is the gene associated with ALS

A

SOD1

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19
Q

What is the Pathophysiology of ALS

A

progressive loss of neurons

UMN and CN 5, 7, 9, 10, 12

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20
Q

What is the prognosis of ALS

A

27 months to 43 years

most die within 3-5 years, usually from respiratory failure

21
Q

What are some ways to medically manage ALS

A

Multidisciplinary approach
Riluzole
improve quality of life
Address impairments a they arise

22
Q

How does the upper extremity reach for a target

A

Location of the target
Reaching, transportation of arm and hand
Grasp, grip formation, grasp and release
Object manipulation

23
Q

What is an example of ideational apraxia

A

Brushing hair with toothbrush

24
Q

What are some extrinsic causes of subluxation

A

Positioning
Handling
Assistive devices

25
Q

What is the main cause of SCIs

A

nontraumatic 39%

26
Q

What is the MOI of a cervical SCI

A

Flexion
Axial loading
Distraction
Extension

27
Q

What is the MOI of thoracic SCI

A

gunshot wounds
Motor vehicle accidents
Falls
Flexion, axial loading, combination of flexion and rotation

28
Q

What is the MOI of lumbar SCI’s

A

Falls, MVA, GSW, direct spinal loading

29
Q

What is neuropathic sequelae

A

Sequence of neuropathic steps leading to cell death

30
Q

What is the ASIA scale

A

A - Complete - no sacral
B - incomplete - Sensory in sacral
C - Incomplete - motor function below, more than half below have grade of 3
D - Incomplete - motor function below, at least half with grade of 3
E - Normal

31
Q

What is the neurologic level of injury

A

most caudal level of the spinal cord with normal motor and sensory function on both the left and right side of the body

32
Q

What is brown sequard syndrome

A

Hemisection
Ipsilateral loss of proprioception, vibration, motor below level of lesion
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature

33
Q

What is anterior cord syndrome

A

Flexion injury of cervical spine
Bilateral loss of motor, pain, temperature at and below level of injury
Light touch and proprioception intact

34
Q

What is central cord syndrome

A

Hyperextension injury
Paralysis and sensory loss in UE’s
Varying involvement in trunk and LE’s

35
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome

A

Injury to lumbosacral nerve roots of the cauda equina
LNM signs
Flaccid paralysis of LE’s
Areflexic bowel and bladder

36
Q

What is spinal shock

A

Loss of motor, sensory and autonomic systems

37
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia

A

Life threatening dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system

Involved with inuries above T6

38
Q

What are some signs of autonomic dysreflexia

A 
Headache
Profuse sweating
Constricted pupils
Blurred vison
Congestion
39
Q

Describe the differences between spastic and flaccid bowel dysfiunction

A

Spastic - lesion above S2

Flaccid - lesion of S2-S4 or cauda equina syndrome

40
Q

SCI Prognosis

A

ASIA levels of B-C-D indicate greater likelihood of motor recovery

41
Q

Briefly describe GBS

A

Demyelination of nerve roots and peripheral nerves

42
Q

What is Miller Fisher syndrome

A

CN, ataxia, areflexia

43
Q

What does GBS mean for conduction velocity

A

Slowed conduction
Dyssynchrony of conduction
Disturbed conduction of higher frequency impulses
Complete conduction blocked

44
Q

How long will motor covery take to return with GBS

A

2-4 weeks after 2 day plateau

Sensory deficits may persist for 3-6 years

45
Q

How long will 80% of GBS patients become Ambulatory

A

6 months

46
Q

What is visual fixation

A

The ability to focus on a moving object

47
Q

What is Ocular pursuits

A

H test

48
Q

What is Saccades

A

Movement between 2 targets

49
Q

What is Vestibular ocular reflex

A

Visual focus when head is rapidly moving

TRI 3 - NM (5 decks)

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