Lecture 1

Question 1

Layers of the gut

Answer 1

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externa
4. Adventitia/Serosa

Question 2

3 layers of mucosa

Answer 2

1. Epithelium (secretion, absorbtion and protection)
2. Lamina propria (blood vessels and lymphatic)
3. Muscularis Mucosae (independent movement of musocsa)

Question 3

Submucosa nerve plexus name

Answer 3

Meissners nerve plexus

• secretion rates and blood flow
• motility

Question 4

Muscularis externa functions

Answer 4

Peristaltic movement of the gut via smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal)

Question 5

Serosa location

Answer 5

If suspended by a mesentry and covered by the peritoneum

Question 6

Adventitia

Answer 6

If retroperitoneal with no mesentry

Question 7

Components of the alimentary tract

Answer 7

Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine (duodeenum, jejunum, ileum)
Large intestine

Question 8

Function of oesophagus
Type of epoithelium
Muscle spread

Answer 8

Transport masticated material from pharynx to stomach
stratified squamous non keratinising epithelium
Upper third, voluntary skeletal muscle
Middle- mix
Lower- involuntary smooth muscle

Question 9

Stomach

Components

Answer 9

Rugae- temoyry folds in mucosa 
Mucosa - simple columnar 
Muscularis mucosa
Submucosa 
Muscularis Externa 
- 3 layers, circular, longitudinal and oblique

Question 10

Gastric pits and glands

Components and signifigance

Answer 10

Upper portion pits and lower glands

Mucous cell- lubrication
Parietal cell- produces HCL
Enteroendocrine cell- produces gastrin for secretion and blood rates
Chief cell- granules contain pepsiogen for protein breakdown

Question 11

Small intestine
3 components
Explaination of - crypts, enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells

Answer 11

Plicae circulares
- circular ridges projecting in

Villi

• projecting from the plicae circulares
• crypts of lieberkhun- cell factories