Lecture 42 Renal Pathology

Question 1

What is acute phylonephritis?

Answer 1

Bacterial infection of the substance of the kidney

Question 2

What inflammatory cells (multilobular nucleus) are found histologically in a patient with acute phylonephritis?

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

Urine culture shows Ecoli in the urine patient has a fever and right flank pain. What could this be?

Answer 3

Acute phylonephritis due to bacterial infection of the kidneys.

Question 4

What bodily substance can cause ecoli culture to be found in the urine?

Answer 4

Faeces

Question 5

What is the most common source of bacterial infection of the kidney? Give an example of a bacteria also.

Answer 5

Faeces

E coli

Question 6

What diverse group of conditions causes injury to the glmoeruli

Answer 6

Glomerulopathies

2 categories
With inflammation and without

Question 7

Which diverse group of conditions causes renal failure?

Answer 7

Glomerulopathies

Question 8

What is the difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Answer 8

Nephritic = with inflammation

Nephrotic = without inflammation

Question 9

Which of the glomerulopathies causes haematuria, hypertension and proteinurea?

Answer 9

Nephritic syndrome

Question 10

Which glomerulopathies causes only proteinurea?

Answer 10

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 11

What protein is lost from the blood in both nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Answer 11

Albumin

Question 12

What does ↑ albumin excretion (proteinurea) result in with the liver + blood

Answer 12

↑ production of lipid = hyperlipidaemia

Question 13

Which cells of the glmoerulos are not working in nephrotic syndromes?

Answer 13

Podocytes, leading to proteinurea

Question 14

Which cells are immunologically impacted in nephritic syndrome?

Answer 14

Endothelial cells of the glomerulous

Question 15

Why is there hypertension and oligourea in nephritic syndromes?

Answer 15

↓ GFR due to endothelial destruction= ↑ retention of fluid

↑ fluid= ↑ BP

Question 16

Which cells of the glomerulous mediate the size of molecule entering the nephron?

Answer 16

Podocytes

Question 17

Patient (4yo) presents with oedema and a normal blood pressure. Urine dipstick shows protein present. What could this be?

Answer 17

Nephrotic syndrome

Not nephritic due to no ↑ BP

Question 18

Define a cyst

Answer 18

Closed sac or cavity, lined by epithelium and especially one that contains liquid or semi solid material

Question 19

What type of kidney cysts exist?

Answer 19

Simple cysts

Autosomal recessive cysts

Autosomal dominant cysts

Question 20

Difference between

Answer 20

G

Question 21

What causes poly cystic kidney disease?

Answer 21

Autosomal dominant or recessive

Genetic

Question 22

What is the most common composition of kidney stones?

Answer 22

Calcium oxylate

Question 23

What colour is the cell of renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 23

Clear cells

Question 24

Order these types of renal stones in order of previlance

Calcium oxylate, Uric acid, Struvite

Answer 24

1. Calcium oxylate
2. Struvite
3. Uric acid

Question 25

What type of renal tumour is an angiomyolipoma?

Answer 25

Benign

Question 26

What type of renal tumour is oncocytoma

Answer 26

Benign

Question 27

What is thr characteristic of renal cell carcinomas cells?

Answer 27

Clear cells

Question 28

What type of renal tumour is a Wilms tumour

Answer 28

Malignant

Question 29

Renal cell carcinomas are what type of renal tumour?

Answer 29

Malignant