Gram-Negative Cocci Flashcards
Which Sketchy image gives an overview for Neisseria?
‘Noir Series’
Which Sketchy image represents Neisseria meningitidis?
‘College Commie’
Which Sketchy image represents Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
‘The Violinist’s Last Clap’
Note: this is an overview for Neisseria.
Note: this is Neisseria meningitidis.
Note: this is Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
All Neisseria are gram-_________ _____cocci and are ____________-positive.
All Neisseria are gram-negative diplococci and are oxidase-positive.
All Neisseria can only be grown on either ______ agar or Thayer-Martin agar.
All Neisseria can only be grown on either chocolate (heated blood) agar or Thayer-Martin agar.
All Neisseria can only be grown on either chocolate (heated blood) agar or _______-_______ agar.
All Neisseria can only be grown on either chocolate (heated blood) agar or Thayer-Martin agar.
The antimicrobials _________, ________ (colistin), and ______ are included in Thayer-Martin agar (VPN agar), which encourage the growth of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae while inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms
The antimicrobials vancomycin, polymyxin (colistin), and nystatin are included in Thayer-Martin agar (VPN agar), which encourage the growth of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae while inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms
What deficiency leads to increased risk of Neisseria infection?
Complement C5 - C9
(MAC complex)
The ________ of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae bacteria display ________ variation.
The pili of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae bacteria display antigenic variation.
N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae both produce ____ proteases.
N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae both produce IgA proteases.
Neisseria meningitidis is spread via ________ ________ and often spreads in close quarters such as ________ ________.
Neisseria meningitidis is spread via respiratory droplets and often spreads in close quarters such as college dorms.
Both Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae can ferment _______.
Only Neisseria meningitidis can ferment _______.
Both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae can ferment glucose.
Only N. meningitidis can ferment maltose.
Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted via respiratory droplets (typically from _________ colonization of _________ carriers).
Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted via respiratory droplets (typically from nasopharyngeal colonization of asymptomatic carriers).
- N. __________* is encapsulated.
- N.* __________ is unencapsulated.
- N. meningitidis* is encapsulated.
- N. gonorrhoeae* is unencapsulated.
Meningococcal vaccines include antigens contained in the polysaccharide capsule of Neisseria meningitidis (the polysaccharide quadrivalent or conjugate vaccine).
Which strains are included as serotypes?
A, C, and D
(thus, 1/3 of US cases are caused by strain B)
Patients with what disease are especially susceptible to infections from Neisseria meningitidis?
Sickle cell patients
(N. meningitidis is encapsulated)
The outer membrane _________ of Neisseria meningitidis causes a severe inflammatory response leading to increased capillary permeability and subsequent _________.
The outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LOS) of Neisseria meningitidis causes a severe inflammatory response leading to increased capillary permeability and subsequent sepsis.
The inflammatory response caused by the Neisseria meningitidis endotoxins (LOS glycolipids) → increased _________ permeability → _________ → _____ _____.
The inflammatory response caused by the N. meningitidis endotoxins (LOS glycolipids) → increased capillary permeability → hypovolemia → septic shock.
Fulminant meningococcemia (e.g. due to Neisseria meningitidis) often presents with what lesion?
Widespread petechiae/purpura
What causes the bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency seen in Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?
Severe adrenal vasoconstriction
(due to inflammatory hypovolemia)
How is Neisseria meningitidis treated?
What medication should be given prophylactically to close contacts?
Ceftriaxone (+ penicillin);
rifampin
Neisseria __________ is a sexually transmitted infection.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a sexually transmitted infection.
Neisseria _________ is facultatively intracellular and predominantly colonizes ______.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is facultatively intracellular and predominantly colonizes PMNs.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections can progress to ________ ________ disease in women and often co-infect with _________.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease in women and often co-infect with chlamydia.
In men, Neisseria gonorrhoeae leads to ________ and possible orchitis.
In women, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can progress to ________.
In men, N. gonorrhoeae leads to urethritis and possible orchitis.
In women, N. gonorrhoeae can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease.
A characteristic white, mucopurulent urethral discharge (in both men and women) or vaginal discharge can present in _________ _________ infection.
A characteristic white, mucopurulent urethral discharge (in both men and women) or vaginal discharge can present in Neisseria** **gonorrhoeae infection.
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae) characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum and/or diaphragm and/or liver capsule.
This leads to the development of characteristic _______ _______ lesions.
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae) characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum and/or diaphragm and/or liver capsule.
This leads to the development of characteristic violin strings lesions.
What is the typical joint pathology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection?
Asymmetrical septic arthritis
(typically of the knee)
Passage of newborns through a birth canal colonized with Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause neonatal _________, which results in blindness if left untreated.
Passage of newborns through a birth canal colonized with N. gonorrhoeae can cause neonatal conjunctivitis, which results in blindness if left untreated.
How is Neisseria gonorrhoeae treated?
Ceftriaxone (single IM injection)
+ azithromycin or doxycycline (for chlamydial co-infection)
