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AT 106 > 106 Through Exam 3 > Flashcards

106 Through Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is feathering

A

increasing or decreasing the angle of attack

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2
Q

What is an aerodynamic downside of rotors

A

there is an imbalance of lift along the span of the blades

tip produces more lift as it is going the fastest

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3
Q

highest forward speed comes from the ____ blade

A

advancing

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4
Q

What is washout

A

a design where the blade has the lowest angle of incidence between the blade root and blade tip

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5
Q

In forward flight, the sped of air over the blades is _____ on the advancing and reatreating blade and in hover the speed is _____

A

different, the same

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6
Q

Where is there greater force on the helicopter (right or left)

A

right side

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7
Q

What is gyroscopic precession in relation to helicopters

A

a helicopter pitches up rather than rolling over

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8
Q

What do flapping hinges do

A

equalizes lift on each side of the helicopter

Hinge up where there is more lift and down with less lift

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9
Q

how does flapping equalize lift

A

changes relative wind approaching blades - changes AoA and therefore CL

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10
Q

What happens to the CG of a helicopter when a blade flaps up

A

CG shifts more toward center - results in bad rotor vibration and pitching up tendency

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11
Q

what was the purpose of lead/lag hinges

A

to reduce the vibration caused by the advancing blade wanting to go faster and retreating blade wanting to go slower - ended up creating worse vibrations

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12
Q

How does a semi-rigid rotor work

A

uses central pivot to allow rotor to teeter at the center
allows advancing blade to rise and retreating to fall
relative wind change produces desired AoA on each side

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13
Q

How does the semi rigid rotor system get affected by Coriolis

A

CG of blades appear to move towards the center at the same time, so Coriolis doesn’t need to be messed with ~as much~

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14
Q

What is a fully articulated rotor head

A

has flapping hinges
has lead lag hinges
has lead lag dampeners
(common in helicopters with +2 rotors)

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15
Q

How are semi rigid rotors designed in regards to the pivot point

A

rotors hang below pivot point so CG does not shift in/out board as like a fully articulated rotor

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16
Q

Explain CG and semi rigid rotors

A

instead of flapping up: underslung, see-saw type pivot moves whole blade outboard as the system tilts, keeping the CG in the same place laterally
instead of flapping down: underslung, see-saw type pivot moves whole blade inboard as the system tilts, keeping the CG in the same place laterally

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17
Q

Advantages of rigid rotor elastomeric bearings

A

improved control response
substantial improvements in vibration control
no risk of ground-resonance as with fully articulated
(very expensive though)

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18
Q

Advantages of the star flex system

A

centrifugal force is contained by flexible arms so “star” arm can be connected by polymer fitting
allows whole blade and plate to flex so blade can lead and lag
no hinges that require lubrication: no additional lead lag dampener, no hydraulic fluid, easily exposed parts for inspection

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19
Q

To move forward, which blade moves up? (If 12 o’clock is forward)

A

9:00 blade increases in pitch causing disk to rise to highest point at 6

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20
Q

to move backward, what happens with the blades (back is 6)

A

blades at 3:00 increase in pitch, making spinning disk rise to highest point at 12

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21
Q

What are aluminum alloys for compared to straight aluminum

A

they add strength
may be as much as 15% of alloy by weight
iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc

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22
Q

a metal’s strength is directly related to its ___

A

grain size, orientation, and heat treatment (temper)

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23
Q

what is a composite material

A

material that is produced from two or more materials

24
Q

What is AC 43.13 1B

A

methods/techniques “acceptable” for repairing aircraft when there are no manufacturer repair or maintenance instructions

25
Q

What are some of the different specifications of aircraft hardware

A

National Aerospace standard (NAS)
Army-Navy (AN)
Military Standard (MS)

26
Q

What is yield strength

A

amount of stress a material can withstand without permanent deformation

27
Q

what countersink does aviation have

A

100 degree

28
Q

drill bits are selected based on

A

the rivet shank diameter

29
Q

What is De-Burring

A

to remove rough edges of a hole or sheet after it has been drilled or cut

30
Q

Solid rivets

A

oldest and most reliable
first used in Bronze Age
used almost everywhere

31
Q

how is a washer measured

A

by the inside diameter and thickness

32
Q

What are cotter pins used for

A

to secure bolts, screws, nuts, pins

33
Q

what are hi-lock fasteners

A

two part structural fastener - breakout in collar provides uniform preload torque values by breaking when correct torque level is reached

34
Q

What is GMAW/WIG

A

gas metal arc welding
spool or wire as filler that constantly moves through the gun to create a spark and melts to form weld

Like a hot glue gun

35
Q

what is gas welding

A

done by heating the ends/edges of metal parts to a molten state with a high temperature flame

36
Q

what is GTAW

A

Tungsten inert gas welding

weld produced by an electric arc
electrode doesn’t touch work
long rods fuse two metals

37
Q

before 1957 how did aviation laws get passed

A

the civil aeronautics board (CAB) presented to congress and enforced laws passed by congress

38
Q

14 CFR Part 21

A

Certification procedures for produces and parts

39
Q

what is the purpose of the type certificate data sheet

A

configuration control
document that records type certification data of a product

40
Q

what needs a TCDS

A

aircraft, engine, propellor

41
Q

What is an STC

A

supplemental type certificate
certificate approving modification for aircraft, engine, or propeller

42
Q

what are the two types of airworthiness certificates and what are some categories they follow

A

Standard
normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter…
Special
primary, restricted, limited, light-sport…

43
Q

important items of airworthiness certificates

A

issued by the FAA when built
good for life of aircraft
must be visible to passengers/crew

44
Q

What is a TSO

A

Technical Standard Order
an FAA approval of the design and manufacture of commonly interchangeable parts on an aircraft

45
Q

What is a PMA

A

parts manufacture approval
far approval of the manufacture only of noncommonly interchangeable parts on an aircraft

46
Q

What are ADS

A

airworthiness directives are issued by the FAA and must be complied with by owner/operator

47
Q

what are service letters

A

sent by manufacturers as a means of providing non-critical information or for clarifying maintenance manuals or pilot handbooks

48
Q

Operational Specification

A

commercial airline creation that is submitted to FAA

Contains rules for operations and maintenance where not specifically covered by Federal Regulations

49
Q

If there is no MEL what should be referenced

A

14 CFR part 91.213

50
Q

Aircraft aluminum (alloy # 2XXX) is what

A

copper

51
Q

What is an important note about aircraft registration

A

registration does not prove ownership, just operator

52
Q

What is the data plate

A

it is the aircraft (theoretically)
contains serial number

53
Q

maintenance records must include

A

Description of the work performed
Date of completion of work
Signature and certificate number of person approving aircraft for return to service
Total aircraft time and time on life-limited parts
Current AD status

54
Q

What is an important security reminder about your certificate/rating

A

the TSA can has the authority to tell the FAA to hold, deny, suspend, or revoke certificate

55
Q

What happens when cheating on an official test

A
  • You will not be eligible to take any sort of test for any airman certificate or rating under this chapter for a period of 1 year after the date of that act
  • Commission of that act is a basis for suspending or revoking any airman or ground instructor certificate or rating held by that person
56
Q

When must you alert the FAA of a change of address

A

30 days

AT 106 (3 decks)

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