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AT 106 > 106 Through First Exam > Flashcards

106 Through First Exam Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Characteristics of the Clark-Y Airfoil

A

Standard in the 1920-1930
Almost flat lower camber

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2
Q

! What does planform mean? !

A

Shape of wing as viewed from above

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3
Q

! Which wing shape is best? !

A

It depends on what the mission is

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4
Q

What is the aspect ratio

A

ratio of wing span to wing chord

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5
Q

What is taper?

A

Decrease from wing root to wingtip in wing chord or wing thickness

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6
Q

Do faster planes have big or small aspect ratios

A

small

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7
Q

Rectangular wing pros:

A

cheap and easy to produce
easy/cheap to maintain

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8
Q

rectangular wing stall characteristics:

A

advanced stall warning
stalls at root

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9
Q

Moderate Taper wing stall characteristics

A

whole wing stalls at once

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10
Q

High taper wing stall characteristics:

A

stalls from wing tips first

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11
Q

Pointed tip wing stall characteristics:

A

stalls from wing tips first

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12
Q

Sweptback wings cons:

A

Dutch roll
needs yaw damper
bad at slow speeds
tips stall first

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13
Q

Pros of swept back wings:

A

delays shockwaves allowing for flight closer to supersonic speeds
very efficient at high speeds

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14
Q

What is the most efficient subsonic wing?

A

elliptical wing

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15
Q

Elliptical wing stall characteristics:

A

little warning
entire wing at once

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16
Q

What principle accounts for 90% of wing lift?

A

Brenoulli’s principle

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17
Q

What is an airfoil?

A

any lift creating surface

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18
Q

What is camber?

A

the curve of the wing

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19
Q

What is the aspect ratio?

A

Span/chord

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20
Q

What is the span of a wing?

A

length of wing

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21
Q

What is the chord of a wing?

A

width of wing

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22
Q

What is the dihedral angle

A

angle of wing from plane to tip

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23
Q

What is the mean camber line?

A

mathematical imaginary line formed by subtracting distance from chord line to lower camber from the distance from chord line to upper camber

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24
Q

what is the mean aerodynamic chord?

A

distance between leading and trailing edge, measured parallel to normal airflow over wing

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25
Why is knowing the max camber important?
Correlates directly to where lowest pressure is located Center of gravity needs to be kept in front of the center of lift in order to stay stable
26
What is skin friction drag?
air sliding across surface sticks to it, as no surface is completely smooth
27
what is interference drag?
drag from turbulence where surfaces meet at 90 degrees
28
What is pressure drag? (form drag)
air striking surface makes drag drag caused by separation of airflow
29
What is induced drag?
Drag as a result of lift
30
What is ground effect?
an effect that happens less than one-half wingspan above ground air is forced down and there is a significant decrease in induced drag
31
What is the boundary layer
layer at which air does not curve to shape of wing anymore
32
What do wing fences do
prevent entire wing from stalling at once Obstructs span wise flow
33
What do vortex generators do
Pull high energy air down to surface, preventing separation
33
What do vortex generators do
Pull high energy air down to surface, preventing separation
34
What is the fuselage?
body of the aircraft
35
What is the empennage?
Tail assembly
36
What is the nacelle?
Powerplant area
37
What does the former do?
gives skin shape and rigidity Circular shaped piece
38
What are stringers?
metal/wood braces between ring ribs or bulkheads (Braces between former)
39
What do stringers do?
Prevent former from collapsing in on each other Gives stiffening strength
40
What is the Longeron?
fore and aft framing member that crosses several points (like a long stringer)
41
What is a bulkhead?
vertical wall within fuselage ((full wall, not like the former))
42
What is the firewall?
special bulkhead between fuselage and engine
43
What does starboard mean?
rightside
44
What does port mean?
left side
45
Fuselage stations are:
nose to tail
46
Wing stations are:
distance from centerline of fuselage to wing tips
47
Waterline stations are:
vertical distance in inches from centerline of fuselage
48
What is the dorsal fin
low extension of vertical stabilizer running forward
49
what is the ventral fin?
vertical stabilizer on bottom of aircraft
50
What do lift struts do
transmit lift load from wings to fuselage
51
what is the wing rib and what does it do
chord wise structural member in wing that gives shape transmits aerodynamic loads from skin to spars
52
What is the wing spar?
structural beam that transmits lift loads and landing loads to and from fuselage
53
What is a spar?
a load carrying beam
54
What is bicycle type landing gear
main landing gear in line under aircraft with delicate wingtip wheels
55
What is quadricycle landing gear
four main gear sets in center of fuselage
56
What are the main gear?
wheels supporting most of the weight of the aircraft
57
What does auxiliary gear do?
stabilize aircraft
58
Elevator is rotation around the
lateral axis
59
Rudder is rotation about the
vertical axis
60
Aileron is control about the
longitudinal axis
61
!! What is a flight control !!
a movable airfoil
62
!! What is a primary flight control !!
a movable airfoil that the pilot can control in flight
63
In a left turn, the left aileron moves
up
64
In a slip, the nose is pointed ____ the turn
outside ((not enough rudder))
65
In a skid, the nose is pointed _____ the turn
inside ((to much rudder))
66
Why does adverse yaw happen
extra induced drag on wing with down aileron (high wing) causes yaw movement in wrong direction imbalance of drag at wingtips
67
What do differential ailerons do and how do they work
correct adverse yaw "up" aileron moves more up than "down" aileron moves down
68
What is a frise aileron
move up and down same amount but front of aileron sticks out under bottom of the wing when moving up
69
What is a slat
"flap" on leading edge of wing, assisting in changing camber and improving lift at slow speeds
70
What do spoilers do
increase drag and decrease lift by disrupting airflow
71
How do ground spoilers work
dump lift and force full weight of aircraft onto landing gear
72
How do speed brakes work
create drag to slow airplane (different from spoilers because they are on the fuselage)
73
What are trim tabs
secondary controls that modify position in primary controls
74
What is newton's 1st law
object in motion will stay in motion
75
what is Newton's second law
rate of change is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it
76
what is Newton's third law
equal and opposite reaction
77
What is the atmosphere make up
78 % N, 21% O, 1% other
78
How does a stall occur
angle of attack is exceeded and airflow over wing is disrupted and no longer sticks to shape of wing
79
What are the two types of supersonic airfoils and what are their special traits
circular, double wedge sharp leading/trailing edges max thickness in the middle
80
What is the laminar layer of air
part of air that stick smoothly to shape of wing

AT 106 (3 decks)

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