Skeletal system

Question 1

Main functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

Support - vital organs suspended from the skeleton so they don’t crush each other.
Movement - the bones act as levers. muscles contract and pull on the bones to cause movement.
Protection - of the internal organs in particular the brain, spinal nerves, heart and lungs.
Muscle attachment - the skeleton provides a framework for the voluntary muscle to attach onto.
Source of red blood cells - bone marrow within the bones produce red blood cells in adults.
Calcium storage - released into the bloodstream when required by the body.

Question 2

How many bones are in the axial skeleton and what does it comprise of?

Answer 2

80 includes the skull, rib cage and vertebral column.

Question 3

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton and what does it comprise of?

Answer 3

126 includes arms, legs, pelvic girdle and shoulder girdle.

Question 4

How is a long bone structured and give and example

Answer 4

A shaft of compact bone tissue with two ends called epiphysis, made of cancellous bone tissue. Femur and humerus.

Question 5

How is a short bone structured and give and example

Answer 5

Short light weight cancellous bone, surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone. Carpals and Tarsals.

Question 6

Structure of flat bone and give examples

Answer 6

Both strong and lightweight made from layers of both compact and cancellous bone tissue. Frontal

Question 7

Structure of irregular bone and give examples.

Answer 7

Cancellous bone tissue surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone. Vertebrae.

Question 8

Sesamoid

Answer 8

Oval shaped bone, located in tendons. Patella

Question 9

Describe compact bone tissue

Answer 9

This connective tissued is hard and strong, relatively heavy forms the outer shell of most bones.

Question 10

Describe cancellous bone tissue

Answer 10

Light weight and spongy, contains bone marrow this is where red blood cells are produced.

Question 11

Position of cervical vertebrae x7

Answer 11

Flexible framework of neck

Question 12

Position of thoracic vertebrae X 12

Answer 12

Spine of upper back

Question 13

Position of lumbar vertebrae x 5

Answer 13

Spine of lower back

Question 14

Position of sacrum

Answer 14

Back wall of lower girdle

Question 15

Position of Coccyx X4

Answer 15

Tail bone

Question 16

Position of sternum

Answer 16

Middle of chest

Question 17

Position of rib x 24

Answer 17

Cage of the chest cavity

Question 18

Position of clavicle

Answer 18

collar bone

Question 19

Position of scapula x 2

Answer 19

Shoulder blades

Question 20

Position of humerus x 2

Answer 20

upper arms

Question 21

Position of radius x 2

Answer 21

Forearm thumb side

Question 22

Position of ulna x 2

Answer 22

Forearm little finger side

Question 23

Position of carpals x 16

Answer 23

wrist

Question 24

Position of metacarpals x 10

Answer 24

hand

Question 25

Position of phalanges x 28

Answer 25

fingers

Question 26

Position of pelvic bones

Answer 26

forms pelvic girdle

Question 27

Position of femur x 2

Answer 27

upper leg

Question 28

Position of patella x 2

Answer 28

knees

Question 29

Position of tibia x 2

Answer 29

Bone of lower leg that runs medially to big toe side

Question 30

Position of fibula X 2

Answer 30

Bone of lower leg that runs laterally to little toe side

Question 31

Position of tarsals x 14

Answer 31

ankles

Question 32

Position of metatarsals x 10

Answer 32

foot

Question 33

Position of phalanges x 28

Answer 33

toes

Question 34

What is a joint?

Answer 34

where two bones meet

Question 35

What is the most common joint?

Answer 35

synovial and hold freely moveable joints together with a connective tissue called a ligament.

Question 36

Location and movement of ball and socket?

Answer 36

Hip and shoulder joints are an example. Ball and socket joint is one of the most mobile joints and allows movement in three planes - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation.

Question 37

Location and movement of Hinge joint

Answer 37

phalanges are an examples allow movement in one plane - flexion and extension.

Question 38

Location and movement of pivot joint

Answer 38

joint between radius and ulna and in between atlas and axis at base of the skull. Allows movement in one plane - rotation, pronation and supination.

Question 39

Location and movement of saddle joint

Answer 39

Found only at the site where the carpal bone meets the metacarpal bone of the thumb. Allows 2 planes of motion - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction with a small movement of rotation also allowed.