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Histology > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

3 main salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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2
Q

What is saliva made of?

A

mixed secretion from all main glands and secondary glands

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3
Q

What makes saliva be secreted?

A

mechanical, chemical, olfactory, or psychic stimuli

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of acinar cells?

A

serous and mucous

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5
Q

What are main secretory components of a salivary gland?

A

acinar secretory units, myoepithelial cells, and initial excretory ducts (intercalated and striated)

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6
Q

which is the largest salivary gland?

A

parotid

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7
Q

Which salivary gland secretes 30% of saliva?

A

parotid

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the parotid gland?

A

septa, lobes, and lobules

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9
Q

Serous secretory cells in the parotid release which enzyme?

A

amylase

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10
Q

What separates the lobes and lobules of the parotid?

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

Where are the parotid glands located?

A

anterior to the ears

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12
Q

Are the parotid ducts intralobular or interlobular?

A

intralobular

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13
Q

What secretory units predominate in the submandibular glands?

A

serous (4:1 serous to mucous acinar cells)

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14
Q

What are the mucous acinar cells capped with?

A

demilunes

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15
Q

Demilunes secrete what enzyme?

A

lysozyme

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16
Q

Immunohistochemistry is needed to see what structure in the salivary glands?

A

myoepithelial cells

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17
Q

Which salivary gland is not encapsulated?

A

sublingual

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18
Q

What is the ratio of mucous to serous acini in the sublingual glands?

A

4:1, mucous to serous (OPPOSITE OF SUBMANDIBULAR!!)

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19
Q

Which gland secretes apx. 5% of saliva?

A

sublingual

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20
Q

What are the predominant cell types in each of the salivary glands?

A

Parotid: nearly 100% serous

submandibular: 4:1 serous to mucous
sublingual: 4:1 mucous to serous

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21
Q

What are intercalated ducts lined with?

A

cuboidal epithelium

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22
Q

What are striated ducts lined with?

A

tall columnar epithelium

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23
Q

What is special about the epithelium within the striated ducts?

A

They have invaginations w lots of mitochondria to increase surface area and water/ion transport

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24
Q

What kind of epithelium is mostly on the tongue?

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

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25
Q

What epithelium covers the tongue papillae?

A

keratinized epithelium

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26
Q

Serous and mucous glands are found within which epithelial layer in the tongue?

A

lamina propria

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27
Q

What are the 3 main types of papillae on the tongue?

A

filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate

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28
Q

What is the shape of the filiform papillae?

A

conical in shape

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29
Q

What is the shape of fungiform papillae?

A

fungus/mushroom!

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30
Q

What is the shape of circumvallate papillae?

A

“circum-valley” bc they have a furrow or valley present

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31
Q

What is the most numerous type of papillae in humans?

A

filiform papillae

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32
Q

What is the main function of filiform papillae?

A

tactile sensation/feeling

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33
Q

Where are most fungiform papillae found?

A

tip of the tongue

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34
Q

Where are the circumvallate papillae found?

A

far in the back of the tongue, the “sulcus terminalis”

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35
Q

Which lingual papillae have taste buds?

A

fungiform and circumvallate

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36
Q

Which papillae are the least numerous?

A

circumvallate

37
Q

What glands are found deep within the lamina with circumvallate papillae?

A

glands of von Ebner

38
Q

What do glands of von Ebner do?

A

secrete fluid into the furrow of the circumvallate papillae

39
Q

What structure is show in this image?

A

Tongue

40
Q

Name these 3 structures

A

1) filiform papilla
2) fungiform papilla
3) circumvallate papilla

41
Q

What is shown in this structure here? And what are the small structures around the periphery of the tissue?

A

Circumvallate papilla. The small projections are taste buds.

42
Q

What are the structures labeled? (CP, F, TB, GE, SM)

A

Circumvallate papillae, taste buds, furrow, glands of von Ebner, skeletal muscle

43
Q

What structure is pictured, and what is the tissue labelled GE?

A

Circumvallate papilla, glands of von Ebner

44
Q

Pale, barrel-shaped bodies located in the epithelial layer extending from the basal lamina to the lateral surface of circumvallate

A

Taste buds

45
Q

What are the 4 types of cells found in a taste bud?

A

neuroepithelial (chemoreceptive) cells, support cells (sustentacular), basal cells, taste pore cells

46
Q

What is show in this image?

A

Taste bud

47
Q

What structure is shown here? What are the thin white separating lines? What are the round structures?

A

Parotid gland. Septa separate and ducts are the tubes

48
Q

What is the circular structure pictured in the micrograph?

A

intralobar duct of the parotid

49
Q

What are the white structures shown in this picture?

A

Mucous acinar cells

50
Q

What are the tubular structures shown in this micrograph of the submandibular gland?

A

intralobular ducts

51
Q

What are the dark red structures in this micrograph of the submandibular gland?

A

Serous secreting acinar cells

52
Q

What gland is shown in this micrograph? What cells predominate?

A

Sublingual gland. Mucous cells predominate here

53
Q

What are the 4 layers of the intestinal wall?

A

mucousa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and the serosa/adventitia

54
Q

Which part of the intestinal wall includes epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa?

A

The mucosal layer

55
Q

What two epithelial types are found in the mucosa of the GI tract?

A

stratified squamous or simple columnar

56
Q

Which layer of the GI mucosa contains glands, lymphatic tissue, and macrophages?

A

lamina propria

57
Q

What layer of the GI mucosa promotes movement of the mucosa?

A

muscularis mucosa

58
Q

Which layer in the intestinal wall contains dense connective tissue, the submucosal plexus, and exocrine glands?

A

Submucosa

59
Q

What connective tissue is found in the submucosa?

A

dense regular connective tissue

60
Q

What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

A

stimulate release of products from glands

61
Q

Which layer of the intestinal wall consists of two layers of smooth muscle?

A

Muscularis externa

62
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus located?

A

in the muscularis externa

63
Q

Layer of the GI tract consisting of loose connective tissue covered by simple squamous mesothelium or simple squamous epithelium

A

Serosa

64
Q

Layer of the GI tract consisting of purely connective tissue

A

adventitia

65
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Esophagus

66
Q

Where is the thickest layer of muscularis mucosa?

A

esophagus

67
Q

What epithelial cells line the esophagus?

A

non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

68
Q

Which layer of the esophagus contains vessels, lymphatics, WBCs, submucosal plexus, and submucosal glands?

A

the submucosa

69
Q

What layer of the esophagus contains coarse collagenous and elastic fibers, folds, and glands?

A

submucosal layer

70
Q

Which esophageal layer are the following glands found?

simple tubular, cardiac glands in the proximal and distal esophagus

A

lamina propria

71
Q

Which esophageal layer are the following glands found?

tubuloalveolar mucous glands

A

submucosal layer

72
Q

What two structures are the only regions of the alimentary canal that have glands?

A

esophagus and duodenum

73
Q

Which section of the esophageal muscularis externa contains skeletal muscle?

A

the upper 1/3

74
Q

Which section of the esophageal muscularis externa contains both skeletal and smooth muscle?

A

middle 1/3

75
Q

Which section of the esophageal muscularis externa contains only smooth muscle?

A

lower 1/3

76
Q

Where is the myenteric (auerbach’s) plexus found?

A

between the two layers of the muscularis externa in the esophagus

77
Q

What is the major nerve supply to the GI tract and controls GI motility?

A

myenteric plexus

78
Q

What is the peritoneal (below diaphragm) esophagus covered by?

A

connective tissue serosa

79
Q

What is the retroperitoneal section of the esophagus covered by?

A

adventitia

80
Q

What are the 2 types of exocrine glands in the esophagus?

A

Esophageal glands and esophageal cardiac glands

81
Q

Where are esophageal cardiac glands found?

A

in the lamina propria near the stomach

82
Q

Where are esophageal glands “proper” found?

A

in the submucosa scattered along the length of the esophagus

83
Q

What is the top part of the stomach called?

A

Fundus

84
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?

A

cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus

85
Q

What are the folds in the stomach that increase surface area?

A

rugae

86
Q

partially mixed and digested fluid found in the stomach

A

chyme

87
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Stomach

88
Q
A

Histology (9 decks)

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