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Histology > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the ovarian follicles found in the ovary?

A

cortex

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2
Q

Where are oocytes found?

A

ovarian follicles

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3
Q

Dense connective tissue layer found under the germinal epithelium on ovary

A

tunica albuginea

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4
Q

What structure is pictured here?

A

Cortex and medulla of the ovary

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5
Q

Identify the structures in the micrograph

A

ovary with follicles and oocytes

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6
Q

low cuboidal epithelial layer that covers the ovary

A

germinal epithelium or ovarian surface epithelium

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7
Q

4 developmental stages of ovarian follicles

A

primordial, primary, secondary, and graafian

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8
Q

which follicle stage has a single layer of squamous follicle (granulosa) cells

A

primordial

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9
Q

Which follicle stage is stimulated by FSH?

A

primary

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10
Q

What stage of follicular development does the zona pellucida begin to form?

A

primary

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11
Q

Which covering of the oocyte contains sperm receptors?

A

zona pellucida

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12
Q

Which stage of follicular development shows theca folliculi, theca interna, and theca externa?

A

primary

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13
Q

Which layer of the theca develops endocrine function?

A

theca interna

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14
Q

What stage of follicular development is pictured?

A

primary- multilaminar

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15
Q

Which stage of follicular development has simple cuboidal follicular cells?

A

primary

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16
Q

Which stage of follicular development do vesicles form?

A

secondary

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17
Q

Fluid found inside secondary follicle vesicles

A

liquor folliculi

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18
Q

Which stage of follicular development do oocytes reach full size?

A

secondary

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19
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Secondary follicle

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20
Q

What results when vesicles in secondary follicles combine?

A

form an antrum

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21
Q

small group of granulosa cells that project out from the wall into the fluid filled antrum of the secondary follicle

A

cumulus oopherus

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22
Q

What surrounds the zona pellucida?

A

cumulus oopherus

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23
Q

What hormone do theca interna cells produce, and what receptor do they contain?

A

receptor for LH and produce androstenedione

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24
Q

How long does it take for a follicle to fully mature to the graafian stage

A

10-14 days

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25
Q

single layer of granulosa cellss that immediately surrounds the primary oocyte in the mature follicle

A

corona radiata

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26
Q

Is the graafian follicle ovulatory or pre-ovulatory?

A

pre-ovulatory

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27
Q

process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the graafian follicle

A

ovulation

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28
Q

what layer of follicular cells stays with the oocyte during ovulation?

A

corona radiata

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29
Q

average time for ovulation

A

28 days

30
Q

degeneration of developing follicles that don’t release an egg

A

atresia (degeneration)

31
Q

structure that forms due to high levels of LH after ovulation and functions as a temporary endocrine gland

A

corpus luteum

32
Q

What hormone do luteal cells produce?

A

progesterone

33
Q

What are the darkly stained cells pictured?

A

Theca lutein cells

34
Q

corpus luteum involutes to form this structure

A

corpus albicans

35
Q

functions of the oviduct

A

receive an ovulated ovum, conduit for sperm to reach oocyte, fertilization, initial stages of embryonic development

36
Q

What are the 4 regions of the oviduct?

A

fimbrae/infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural region

37
Q

Where in the oviduct does fertilization take place?

A

ampulla

38
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Folds in the fallopian tubes

39
Q

What stage of development does the uterus receive the embryo?

A

second week

40
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

41
Q

which layer of the uterus has smooth muscle and large blood vessels?

A

myometrium

42
Q

which layer of the uterus has glandular, secretory components?

A

endometrium

43
Q

how many layers of muscle are in the myometrium?

A

4

44
Q

what helps stimulate uterine contractions?

A

prostaglandins and oxytocin

45
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the endometrium?

A

nonciliated secretory columnar cells and ciliated cells

46
Q

What structure hormonally controls the uterus?

A

ovaries

47
Q

structures that secrete “uterine milk” to feed an embryo

A

uterine glands

48
Q

two layers of the endometrium

A

stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

49
Q

thick superficial layer that makes up most of the endometrium and is sloughed of during menstruation

A

stratum functionalis

50
Q

deep narrow layer of the endometrium that remains during menstruation and is vascularized by straight arteries

A

stratum basalis

51
Q

3 phases of the menstrual cycle

A

proliferative, secretory, and menstrual

52
Q

what 3 hormones increase drastically right before ovulation?

A

LH, FSH, estrogen (17-beta-estradiol)

53
Q

what hormone during pregnancy keeps the corpus luteum going

A

HCG

54
Q

what organ releases FSH and LH?

A

anterior pituitary

55
Q

When does the secretory phase begin and what homrone is prevalent?

A

at ovulation. progesterone which comes from the CL

56
Q

what phase of the menstrual cycle do uterine glands become “tortuous, dilated, and secrete”?

A

secretory phase

57
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle is shown?

A

secretory phase

58
Q

internal epithelium of the cervix

A

simple columnar

59
Q

external epithelium of the cervix

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

60
Q

hormone that softens the cervix for delivery

A

relaxin

61
Q

what comprises the lamina propria in the vaginal mucosa

A

loose connective tissue that has lots of elastic fibers

62
Q

what is responsible for the low pH of the vagina

A

bacteria that metabolize glycogen and form lactic acid

63
Q

epithelium of the vagina

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

64
Q

What structure is pictured in this micrograph?

A

vagina- characterized by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

65
Q

modified sweat glands (tubulo-alveolar glands) that produce exocrine secretions via the apocrine mechanism

A

mammary glands

66
Q

what connects lobules of the mammary gland to the tip of the nipple?

A

lactiferous ducts/milk ducts

67
Q

what separates lobes of mammary glands

A

adipose and connective tissue

68
Q

hormones that cause growth of the duct system during pregnancy

A

estrogen and progesterone

69
Q

what extra hormone is present for lactating mammary glands during pregnancy?

A

lactogen

70
Q

hormone that promotes milk let-down

A

oxytocin

71
Q

what do the alveoli look like in resting/nonsecreting mammary glands?

A

smaller and not developed and less numerous

72
Q
A

Histology (9 decks)

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