Actinobaculum

Question 1

What is Actinobaculum suis?

Answer 1

• Gram positive
• non-spore forming
• Rods
  
  • Diphtheroid (Club-shaped)
• Cause UTI in sows

Question 3

What are the Virulence Factors of Actinobaculum suis?

Answer 3

• Urease
  
  • breaks Urea+Water down to CO₂ + Ammonia
  • Increases urine pH
  • Irritates bladder mucosa
• Pili

Question 4

What are the Predisposing factors of Actinobaculum suis?

Answer 4

• Normal inhavitant of the prepuce and vagina
  
  • Venereal trnsmission
• Older sows most often affected
• Predisposing factors:
  
  • infrequent urination
  • lack of exercise
  • reduced water availability

Question 5

What are Urinary Tract Infections?

Answer 5

• Acute or Chronic
• Cystitis - Bladder inection
• Pyelonephritis - Kidneys & ureter infection

Question 6

What are the clinical signs of UTIs?

Answer 6

• Anorexia
• Pus/blood in urine with foul odor
• Polyuria and polydipsia
• Repeat breeders
• High mortality

Question 7

How are UTIs diagnosed?

Answer 7

• Clinical signs
• Urine pH (>7.0)
• Bacterial isolation
  
  • Anaerobic, slow growth
• PCR Assay

Question 8

What is the treatment of UTIs?

Answer 8

• Penicillin
• Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid
• Tetracyclines