Spirochetes II (Leptospira) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Leptospira interrogans?

A
  • Bacteria with worldwide distribution
    • most common in temperate or tropical regions
  • Cause of Leptospirosis
    • Cattle, swine, sheep, goats, dogs, horses, many wild animals
    • People
  • 6 pathogenic serovars of veterinary significance
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2
Q

How many serovars of Leptospira interrogans are there?

A
  • ~200
  • 6 of significance:
    • L. pomona - cattle, sheep, horses, swine humans
    • L. hardjo- cattle, swine
    • L. bratislava - swine
    • L. canicola - dogs, swine, cattle
    • L. grippotyphosa - dogs cattle, swine
    • L. icterhaemorrhagiae - dogs, horses, cattle, swine, humans
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3
Q

How is Leptospira interrogans transmitted?

A
  • Urine contamination
    • cattle and swine
  • Skin cut, wound
  • Mucus membranes
  • Urogenital tract
  • Contaminated water / feed
  • fomite
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4
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Leptospira?

A
  • No lesion at the infection site
  • Lesions are present in:
    • Kidney
    • Liver
    • Brain
    • Eyes
  • Kidney and Liver function impaired
  • Abortion and Death
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5
Q

What are the virulence factors of Leptospira?

A
  • Haemolysin
  • Endotoxin
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6
Q

How does Leptospirosis affect cattle?

A
  • Range from Mild to Acute
  • Fever, Jaundice, Muscle Weakness, weight loss
  • Sudden drop in milk production
    • Milk Drop Syndrome
  • Kidney damage
  • Abortion / infertility
  • Death
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7
Q

How does Leptospirosis affect sheep / goats / swine?

A
  • Range rom mild to acute
  • Fever, jaundice, muscle weakness, weight loss
  • Milk Drop Syndrome
  • Kidney damage
  • Abortion / Infertility
  • Death
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8
Q

How does Leptospirosis affect horses?

A
  • Subclinical
  • Uveitis
  • Periodic ophthalmia
    • Moon blindness
  • Abortion is not common
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9
Q

How does leptospirosis affect dogs?

A
  • Vomiting, muscular stiffness and weakness
  • Jaundice and Death
  • Central nervous system
  • Nephritis and fibrosis of kidney
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10
Q

How does Leptospirosis affect Humans?

A
  • Cause of Weil’s Disease
  • Uveitis
  • Jaundice
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11
Q

How is Leptospirosis Diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs - Abortion
  • Milk Drop Syndrome
  • Yellowish Flaky or Bloody Milk, Hemoglobinuria
  • Antibody detection
    • Paired Serum Analysis - ELISA, Agglutination test
  • Dark Field Microscopy, PCR
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12
Q

How can Leptospirosis be controlled?

A
  • Vaccination
    • No Cross Protection
    • Bivalent bacterin in dogs, multivalent in cattle, swine
    • Routine Vaccination prevents the disease, does not prevent reinfection nor shedding
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13
Q

How is Leptospirosis Treated?

A
  • Tetracyclines, Erythromycin, Penicillin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol
  • Doxycycline
  • Penicillin with Fluoroquinolone
  • IV Fluids
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14
Q

What is Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis?

A
  • Footwarts of Dairy Cattle
    • World wide distribution
      • California, Iowa, Michigan and other states
  • Lameness
  • Decreased Milk Production
  • Weight loss
  • Decreased Fertility
  • Hair Like Projections
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15
Q

What causes Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis?

A
  • Treponema species
  • Nearly all infected animals have spirochetes
  • Responds to Antibiotics
    • Oxytetracycline
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