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Bacteriology and Mycology > Moraxella / Bordetella / Ornithobacterium > Flashcards

Moraxella / Bordetella / Ornithobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the habitat of Moraxella bovis & M. bovoculi?

A
  • Ocular membranes of cattle
    • Nearly obligate parasite
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2
Q

What is the distribution of Moraxella bovis?

A

World wide

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3
Q

What are the predisposing factors for Moraxella spp?

A
  • Dry, dusty, hot weather
  • UV radiation
  • IBR - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus
    • can cause conjunctivitis by itself, more severe in conjunction with Moraxella
  • Pollen
  • Vit A deficiency
  • Other bacteria acting as secondary invaders in pink eye
    • Truperella pyogenes, E. coli, P. multocida, Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp., Mycosplasma spp., Ureoplasma sp
  • Nematodes - Thelazia
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4
Q

What is the morphology of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Gram negative, coccobacilli
    • tend to be Gram-variable
    • short rods in pairs - diplobacillus
  • Aerobic
  • Circular, smooth, moist colonies
    • Somewhat flat
    • Narrow zone of complete hemolysis
    • some strains non-hemolytic
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5
Q

What are the antigenic factors of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • One Serotype on somatic antigen
  • 7 pilus antigen types
    • 3 & 4 more common
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6
Q

What is the resistance and susceptibility of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Very susceptible to:
    • antimicrobial agents
    • Disinfectants
    • Environmental conditions
  • Nearly obligate parasite
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7
Q

What mediums does Moraxella bovis grow on?

A
  • Grows well on Blood agar
  • Does NOT grow on MacConkey
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8
Q

What are the mechanisms of pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Hemolysin
    • RTX toxin, exotoxin
  • Endotoxin
  • Cytotoxin - to bovine neutrophils
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Capsule
  • Pili (adhesin)
    • 7 distinct types
  • Iron-regulated proteins
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9
Q

What diseases does Moraxella bovis cause?

A
  • Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (Pink eye)
    • infects conjunctiva, extends o cornea
    • Clouding of cornea and possible ulcerations
    • May result in permanent blindness
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10
Q

What disease does Moraxella ovis cause?

A

Pink eye in sheep

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11
Q

What is the nature of Moraxella bovis infections?

A

suppurtive

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12
Q

What is the morbidity / mortality of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Morbidity high (>80%)
  • Mortality Low
    • reduced weight gain
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13
Q

Does Moraxella bovis affect lab animals?

A
  • Guinea pigs
  • gerbils
  • Hamsters
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14
Q

Is Moraxella bovis of public health concern?

A
  • No
  • Pink eye in humans caused by a virus
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15
Q

How do you control Moraxella bovis transmission?

A
  • Control face flies
  • Dark stalls, free from dust and flies
  • vaccines-
    • several
    • piliated strains
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16
Q

How is a Moraxella bovis infection treated?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Sulfas
  • Steroids
    • take care - can cause fungal infection
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17
Q

What is Moraxella bovoculi?

A
  • Has been isolated from calves with IBK
  • Frequently seen in cattle
  • becoming significant pathogen
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18
Q

What is Moraxella ovis?

A
  • Found in conjunctiva of sheep, horses, cattle
  • Cases Kerato-conjunctivitis in sheep
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19
Q

Where is Moraxella caviae found?

A
  • Oral cavity of healthy Guinea pigs
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20
Q

Where is Moraxella cuniculi found?

A
  • Found in the respiratory tract of healthy rabbits
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21
Q

Where is Moraxella canis found?

A
  • Respiratory tract of normal cats and dogs
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22
Q

How is Bordetella bronchiseptica transmitted?

A
  • Direct contact - pigs
  • Aerosol - dogs
  • Endogenous infections
  • Contaminated bedding
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23
Q

What is the habitat of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • Upper respiratory tract of swine, dogs, rabbits
  • rarely Upper respiratory tract of horses, cats, guinea pigs, rats
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24
Q

What is the distribution of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

World Wide

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25
Q

What is the symbiotic relationship of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • In the dog
    • Produces pneumonitis by itself
    • Worse (maybe lethal) when combined with Infectious Canine Distemper virus
  • In swine
    • atrophic rhinitis
    • combo with Serotype D Pasteurella multocida
  • In rabbits
    • Commonly complicated by Pasteurella multocida in Snuffles
26
Q

What is the morphology of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • Gram negative cocco-bacilli
  • Strict Aerobe
  • Large, dull, smooth colonies
  • Grows on Blood and MacConkey
27
Q

What are the antigenic characteristics of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • 20 types (K, O antigens)
  • cross-reactions with other Bordetella species
28
Q

What is the resistance / susceptibility of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • NOT resistant to heat, drying, other environmental factors, or common disinfectants
  • Susceptible to various antimicrobial agents
  • May carry rug resistance factors (R-factors)
29
Q

What are the mechanisms of pathogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • Endotoxins
  • Exotoxin - Heat labile, antigenic 145KD
    • dermo-necrotic in the Guinea pig
    • Causes turbinate necrosis in atrophic rhinitis
    • Hemolysin
    • Pili
    • Adenylate cyclase
    • Phosphatase
    • Siderophores
    • Tracheal cytotoxins - toxic to ciliated cells
    • Filamentous hemagglutinin (attachment)
    • Pertactin (attachment)
    • Osteotoxin - toxin to osteoblast
    • Capsule
    • Biofilms
    • Tracheal colonization factor
30
Q

What disease does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in dogs?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Kennel cough (primary / secondary)
31
Q

What disease does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in Swine

A
  • Pneumonia in young pigs
  • Atrophic rhinitis
    • Primary/Secondary with Type D P. multocida
32
Q

What disease does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in rabbits?

A
  • Snuffles
    • primary / secondary with P. multocida
  • Atrophic rhinitis
33
Q

What diseases does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in guinea pigs, rats, cats, horses?

A
  • mild upper respiratory infections
    • usually not serious unless in lab animal colonies
34
Q

What is the nature of a Bordetella bronchiseptica infection?

A
  • Suppurative
  • Necrotic
35
Q

What is the the morbidity / mortality of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • Morbidity high among swine
    • entire herd either infected or carriers
  • Mortality high in dogs with distemper
36
Q

Is Bordetella bronchiseptica of public health concern?

A
  • Whooping cough-like syndrome
  • Many other conditions in humans
37
Q

What diseases does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in humans?

A
  • Bronchitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Peritonitis
  • Meningitis
  • Septicemia
  • Endocarditis
  • Sinusitis
38
Q

How can transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica be controlled?

A
  • Toxoid - pigs
  • Bacterins - dogs, pigs
  • Vaccines - avirulent
    • effective in dogs
  • Depopulation & repopulation with SPF wsine
39
Q

How is a Bordetella bronchiseptica infection treated?

A
  • Sulfas in feed - swine
  • Tetracyclines - dogs
40
Q

What is the habitat of Bordetella avium?

A
  • Fresh water
  • Soil
  • Respiratory tract of chickens nad turkys
41
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Bordetella avium?

A
  • Contaminated water
42
Q

What is the distribution of Bordetella avium?

A

World-wide

43
Q

What are the predisposing factors for a Bordetella avium infection?

A
  • Stress
44
Q

What is the morphology of Bordetella avium?

A
  • Gram negative, rods to coccobacilli
  • Aerobe
  • Smooth and Moist colonies on BA
  • Small and colorless colonies on Mac
45
Q

What is the resistance and susceptibility of Bordetella avium?

A
  • Conduct susceptibility testing with plasmids
  • Resistant to environmental temperature
46
Q

What are the mechanisms for pahtogenicity of Bordetella avium?

A
  • Pili - attachment
  • Dermonecrotic toxin (DNT)
    • 155KD
    • lethal to guinea pig, mouse, turkey polts and young chickens
  • Tracheal cytotoxin
  • Hemaglutinin - attachment
  • Endotoxin
  • Pertactin
  • Osteotoxin
  • Capsule
  • Biofilms
47
Q

What disease does Bordetella avium cause?

A
  • Turkeys:
    • Rhinotracheitis
    • Turkey coryza
  • Other avian species are also susceptible
48
Q

What is Turkey Coryza?

A
  • Highly contagious
  • Oculonasal discharge
  • Sneezing
  • Dyspnea
  • Tracheal ring collapse
  • Destruction of tracheal epithelium
  • Stress is very important
49
Q

What is the nature of Bordetella avium infections?

A
  • Suppurative
  • Necrotic
50
Q

What is the morbidity / mortality of Bordetella avium infections?

A
  • Both may be high in turkeys
51
Q

Is Bordetella avium of public health concern?

A

None

52
Q

What are the control measures for Bordetella avium?

A
  • Vaccine - Live avirulent strain
    • place in drinking water
    • Plasmid-less temperature sensitive mutant
53
Q

What is the treatment for Bordetella avium?

A
  • Mass treatment
54
Q

What is the morphology of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?

A
  • Gram negative, pleomorphic rods
  • Facultative
  • Slow grower on Blood agar
55
Q

What species does Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale affect?

A
  • Avian species
    • Turkeys, chickens, others
56
Q

What is the distribution of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?

A
  • US
  • Africa
  • Europe
57
Q

What are the signs of a Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection?

A
  • Purulent pneumonia
  • Airsacculitis
  • Nasal discharge
  • Cough
  • Decreased egg production
  • Arthritis
58
Q

What are the serotypes of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?

A
  • 7 serotypes
    • A - G
    • A is predminant
59
Q

What is the mortality of Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealei infections?

A
  • As high as 10 %
60
Q

What are the control measures for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?

A
  • Chlortetracycline in feed

Bacteriology and Mycology (35 decks)

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