C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards
1
Q
Hydrocarbons
A
Made from only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms
2
Q
Crude Oil
A
- Made from long/short chains for Hydrocarbons
- Fossil Fuel created over a long time under the sea from dead sea creatures
- Mixture of Alkanes/Hydrocarbons
- Evaporated at different temperatures
3
Q
Alkanes
A
- Simple Hydrocarbons, usually saturated (can’t bond with anything else)
- Single Carbon atoms (C-C)
4
Q
Atomic Structure of Hydrocarbons
A
Carbon atoms bonded with each other and are surrounded by Hydrogen atoms
5
Q
Hydrocarbon Features
A
- Less chains = lower boiling point/ more flammable
- Usually stored in bottles as liquids under pressure
6
Q
Complete Combustion
A
- Hydrocarbon react with Oxygen
- Carbon and Hydrogen Oxidised, gain Oxygen, becomes CO.2 and H.2O (these are waste products)
7
Q
Formula for Complete Combustion
A
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + (Energy)
8
Q
Formula for Alkane
A
C.n + H.(2n+2)
9
Q
Fractional Distillation
A
- Separates Crude Oil which is stored and heated in a long heated tube which temperature decreases when going to the top
- Huge chains of Hydrocarbon at the bottom (lots of energy required) and Small chains at the top (little energy required)
10
Q
Cracking
A
- Splitting up long chains of hydrocarbons, also creating Alkenes
- Thermal decomposition by heating and cooling down Hydrocarbons
11
Q
Crude oil uses
A
- Fuel for transport
- Making new compounds, for Polymers, Lubricants and detergents
12
Q
Test for Alkanes
A
Bromine water, presence of Alkanes if water brightens
13
Q
Volatile
A
Substance changing into a vapour
14
Q
Short Alkane Chains
A
- Lower Melting/Boiling Point
- More flammable
- More Volatile
15
Q
Alkenes
A
- Created during cracking, made along with shorter Alkane chain
- Double bonded (share 2 Carbon atoms) and aren’t used as fuels
- Much more harder to get than Alkanes
