B14 - Genetic and Evolution

Question 1

Evidence of Evolution

Answer 1

• Fossils which contain remains or Organisms from millions of years ago
• Bacteria becoming anti-biotic resistant, evolution occurs rapidly in Bacteria

Question 2

Fossil Formation (Gradual Mineral Replacement)

Answer 2

• Hard Parts (Teeth/Bones) replaced by minerals while decaying into a rock- (Casts)

Question 3

Fossil Formation (Casts)

Answer 3

• (Casts) Organism buried in soft material which hardens up, it decays and leaves a gap which is the same shape/size as it

Question 4

Fossil Formation (Impressions)

Answer 4

• Marks on the ground. footprints

Question 5

Fossil Formation (Preservation)

Answer 5

• Organism intact and didn’t decay as there’s no presence of Oxygen/Moisture
• Could be preserved in Cold Climate, as its too cold

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

Species is completely wiped out

Question 7

Reasons for Extinction

Answer 7

Natural Selection - Species couldn’t adapt, hence died
Predators - E.g. Humans killing off Pandas/Lions
Natural Causes - Volcanic Activity, Meteors

Question 8

What are Fossils

Answer 8

Remains of organisms from millions of years ago, which are found in rocks

Question 9

Anti-Biotic Resistant Bacteria

Answer 9

• Patients should have medicine for however long the Doctor prescribed them for, to kill all Bacteria
• Bacteria can reproduce and become immune to Anti Biotic

Question 10

Anti-Biotic Resistant Bacteria (In Agriculture)

Answer 10

• Limit use of Anti-Biotics for Agriculture

- So that Resistant Animal Cells do not spread to Human Pathogens

Question 11

(Linnaeus) Classification System

Answer 11

• Animals sorted in categories based on Characteristics/Bone Structure
• Organisms divided into Plant/Animal Kingdom

Question 12

Kingdoms

Answer 12

• Divided into smaller categories: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 13

Binomial System (Binomial Name)

Answer 13

• Name given to the Genus and Species of an Organism, in Kingdoms
• E.g. Humans Binomial Name is Homo (Genus) Sapiens (Species)

Question 14

Three Domain System

Answer 14

• Invented recently and helps categorize animals by looking/comparing their Biochemistry
• Categorized into Eukaryotes, Archaea, True Bacteria

Question 15

Evolutionary Tree

Answer 15

• Use Classification Data (e.g. DNA) to make one

- For extinct animals, they use their Fossils, problematic as Fossil Records are incomplete