10.7 Adaptations

Question 1

what is an adaptation?

Answer 1

characteristics which increase an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction

Question 2

what are the three types of adaptation?

Answer 2

anatomical
behavioural
physiological

Question 3

anatomical

Answer 3

physical features

Question 4

behavioural

Answer 4

the way an organism acts

Question 5

physiological

Answer 5

processes which take place inside an organism

Question 6

examples of anatomical adaptations

Answer 6

body coverings to keep warm

camouflage to hide from predators

sharp teeth to kill

Question 7

examples of behavioural adaptations

Answer 7

playing dead

courtship to attract a mate

migration and hibernation

Question 8

what is migration?

Answer 8

when animals move from one region to another for a better climate and source of food

Question 9

what is hibernation?

Answer 9

period of inactivity when body temp, heart rate and breathing rate slow down to conserve energy

Question 10

what are the two types of behavioural adaptations?

Answer 10

innate
learned

Question 11

innate behaviour

Answer 11

behaviour inherited through genes

Question 12

learned behaviour

Answer 12

behaviour learnt from experience or observation

Question 13

examples of physiological adaptations

Answer 13

poison production to kill

antibiotic production

Question 14

what are analogous structures?

Answer 14

structures which perform the same role but look very different

Question 15

what is convergent evolution?

Answer 15

when two species evolve similar characteristics independently from each other

Question 16

outline convergent evolution in marsupial and placental moles

Answer 16

both evolved separately from each other
HOWEVER
they share similar adaptations for survival:
- small eyes as they live underground
- scoop shaped paws for digging
- claws for digging

both have similar adaptations for the similar roles they play