11.8 Methods of maintaining biodiversity

Question 1

what is conservation?

Answer 1

protection and management of ecosystems

Question 2

what are the two types of conservation?

Answer 2

in situ
ex situ

Question 3

in situ conservation

Answer 3

within the natural habitat

Question 4

ex situ conservation

Answer 4

outside the natural habitat

Question 5

what is the main form of in situ conservation?

Answer 5

setting up wildlife reserves

Question 6

how is in situ conservation carried out in a wildlife reserve?

Answer 6

restriction of human access

controlled grazing

controlling poaching

culling invasive species

Question 7

restriction to human access

Answer 7

prevents plants and habitats from being trampled on

Question 8

controlled grazing

Answer 8

controlling an area where animal grazing happens to allow for crops to recover

Question 9

controlled poaching

Answer 9

prevent the killing of animals for prizes (like rhino horns)

legal protection for animals

Question 10

culling invasive species

Answer 10

done to remove any competition or predation of protected species

also to prevent the spread of disease

Question 11

what are the main methods of ex situ conservation?

Answer 11

botanic gardens

seed banks

captive breeding

Question 12

botanic gardens

Answer 12

controlled environments where rare species of plant can grow

maintains species biodiversity by protecting plants from extinctions

Question 13

seed banks

Answer 13

stores genetic material

seeds are stored for potential uses in the future:
- genetic engineering
- preventing extinction
- breeding

Question 14

captive breeding

Answer 14

animals are bred in captivity before being let out into the wild

done to create a stable population before reintroduction to wild

done in optimum conditions and with supplies of food

no predators so breeding occurs safely

Question 15

cons of captive breeding

Answer 15

potential inbreeding

diseases

behaviour

habitat

Question 16

potential inbreeding

Answer 16

small populations in captive would increase the likelihood of inbreeding due to lack of mates

smaller gene pool

Question 17

diseases

Answer 17

animals born and raised in captivity would not be resistant to any diseases in the wild

Question 18

behaviour

Answer 18

animals grown in captivity are often innate and domesticated

they would have to learn new behaviours in the wild

Question 19

habitat

Answer 19

introducing animals back into their original habitat may cause stress and tension in the ecosystem as it would increase competition

Question 20

what are the three conservation agreements?

Answer 20

CITES
Rio Convention
CSS

Question 21

what does CITES stand for?

Answer 21

Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species

Question 22

what does CITES do?

Answer 22

regulate international trade of endangered species

made it illegal to kill endangered animals

illegal to trade parts of endangered animals (i.e tusks)

raise awareness for biodiversity through education

Question 23

what did the Rio Convention do?

Answer 23

set out international aims for developing strategies for sustainability

Question 24

what does CSS stand for?

Answer 24

Countryside Stewardship Scheme

Question 25

what does CSS do?

Answer 25

offered payments to British farmers to maintain biodiversity through management techniques