Theories of Intelligence and the Binet Scales

Question 1

_____, one of the original authors of the test that bears his name, defined intelligence as “the tendency to take and maintain a definite direction; the capacity to make adaptations for the purpose of attaining a desired end, and the power of autocriticism”

Answer 1

Alfred Binet

Question 2

_____, by contrast, defined intelligence as the ability to educe either relations or correlates.

Answer 2

Spearman (1923)

Question 3

According to _____, intelligence is “adjustment or adaptation of the individual to his total environment,” “the ability to learn,” and “the ability to carry on abstract thinking”

Answer 3

Freeman (1955)

Question 4

And _____ defined intelligence as “the ability to plan and structure one’s behavior with an end in view”.

Answer 4

Das (1973)

Question 5

_____ defined intelligence in terms of the ability “to resolve genuine problems or difficulties as they are encountered”.

Answer 5

H. Gardner (1983)

Question 6

_____ defined intelligence in terms of “mental activities involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping of, and selection of real-world environments relevant to one’s life”.

Answer 6

Sternberg (1986,1988)

Question 7

For _____, intelligence is two-dimensional and based on individual differences in information-processing speed and executive functioning influenced largely by inhibitory processes.

Answer 7

Anderson (2001)

Question 8

T. R. _____ (1994) identified three independent research traditions that have been employed to study the nature of human intelligence: the psychometric, the information-processing, and the cognitive approaches. Of the three approaches, the psychometric is the oldest. As you will see, Binet’s approach is based heavily on the psychometric tradition.

Answer 8

Taylor

Question 9

T. R. Taylor (1994) identified three independent research traditions:

The _____ approach examines the elemental structure of a test. Following the psychometric approach, we examine the properties of a test through an evaluation of its correlates and underlying dimensions.

Answer 9

psychometric

Question 10

T. R. Taylor (1994) identified three independent research traditions:

In the _____ approach, we examine the processes that underlie how we learn and solve problems.

Answer 10

information-processing

Question 11

T. R. Taylor (1994) identified three independent research traditions:

Finally, the _____tradition focuses on how humans adapt to real-world demands.

Answer 11

cognitive