DM II Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology behind type 2 diabetes?
Increased tissue resistance to insulin, or insufficient insulin production.
Name 2 reasons why people 30+ tend to develop type 2 diabetes.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Decreased sensitivity to insulin w/ age.
What are 2 possible outcomes of type 2 diabetes if treatment is not started?
Diabetic ketoacidosis.
HHS (hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state).
Which 2 classes of oral antidiabetics decrease blood glucose and increase cell glucose uptake?
Biguanides & SGLT2 inhibitors.
Which class of oral antidiabetics is the first line tx?
Biguanides.
Name the prototype drug for Biguanides.
Metformin (Glucophage).
Metformin is available through which routes of admin?
PO & IV.
What is unique about Metformin in terms of ADME?
It is not biotransformed.
How do SGLT2 inhibitors decrease blood glucose?
Increase glucose diuresis by blocking glucose reuptake (SGLT2).
Pts on SGLT2 inhibitors should have a diet rich in:
Carbs.
Name the prototype drug for SGLT2 inhibitors.
Canagliflozin (Invokana).
What is a side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Diuresis.
Which 2 classes of oral antidiabetics increase insulin release and/or increase receptor sensitivity?
Sulfonylureas & incretin enhancers.
Name the prototype drug for Sulfonylureas.
Glyburide (DiaBeta).
Pts on Glyburide (DiaBeta) should watch their _____ intake.
Alcohol (ETOH).
