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INTRO RAD > Radiation Safety and Protective Measures > Flashcards

Radiation Safety and Protective Measures Flashcards

1
Q

Is radiation with sufficient energy to produce ions, causes damage to living cells. Damage that may be repaired, that may be permanent, or that may can cause death to the cell.

A

Ionizing Radiation

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2
Q

What type of source that need for radiation protection includes cosmic radiation, radioactive elements in the earth, radioactive substances
A. Natural environmental or background radiation
B. Human-made radiation

A

Natural environmental or background radiation

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3
Q

What type of source that need for radiation protection includes fallout from nuclear weapons testing and effluents from nuclear power plants, radioactive materials used in industry, medical and dental x-ray exposure.
A. Natural environmental or background radiation
B. Human-made radiation

A

Human-made radiation

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4
Q

The use of medical and dental radiographs and radioactive materials to diagnose and treat disease accounts for ______ of the general public’s exposure to human-made radiation.

A

90%

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5
Q

The possibility of radiation-induced injury was reported shortly after Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in _____

A

1895.

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6
Q

In ______, the congress of the United States chartered the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) as a non-profit corporation.

A

1964

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7
Q

This was an attempt to protect consumers from the hazards of radiation-producing electronic products.

A

The Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968

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8
Q

The bureau also has a limited control program for radioactive materials that are not covered under the jurisdiction of the ________

A

Atomic Energy Commission (AEC

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9
Q

In what year roentgen was adopted as the international standard measure of ionization in air.

A

1938

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10
Q 
In 1956, another unit, called the was established to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a medium.
A. Roentgen
B. RAD
C. REM
D. Becquerel
A

radiation absorbed dose (rad)

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11
Q 
The unit for measuring the amount of exposure for x-rays and gamma rays
A. Roentgen
B. RAD
C. REM
D. Becquerel
A

Roentgen

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12
Q 
The unit for measuring absorbed energy from radiation
A. Roentgen
B. RAD
C. REM
D. Becquerel
A

Rad

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13
Q 
The unit for measuring biological effect from radiation
A. Roentgen
B. RAD
C. REM
D. Becquerel
A

Rem

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14
Q 
The unit of activity in the SI system; this measure is used in nuclear medicine studies with radionuclides, which are sometimes called radioactive isotopes.
A. Roentgen
B. RAD
C. REM
D. Becquerel
A

Becquerel (Bq)

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15
Q

What measures the amount of activity known as radioactive disintegration

A

Ci

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16
Q 
Quantity: Name: Symbol
                (Traditional Unit)
Exposure:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Absorbed dose:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dose Equivalent:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Activity:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Roentgen, R
Rad, Rad
Rem, Rem
Curie, C

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17
Q 
Quantity: Name: Symbol
                (SI Unit)
Exposure:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Absorbed dose:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dose Equivalent:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Activity:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Coulomb per kilogram, C/kg
Gray, Gy
Sievert, Sv
Becquerel, Bq

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18
Q

True or False
The phrase, as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), is the basis for NCRP establishment of policies and procedures for radiation exposure

A

True

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19
Q

True or False
The NCRP states: “The primary goal is to keep radiation exposure of the individual well below a level at which adverse effects are likely to be observed during his lifetime. Another objective is to minimize the incidence of genetic effects.” NCRP Report 34

A

True

20
Q

This theory asserts that when ionizing radiation interacts directly with the DNA molecule, certain breaks can occur in the “rung” of the DNA “ladder”.

A

Direct Hit Theory

21
Q

If two direct hits occur to the same rung of the ladder, a section of the chromosomes is deleted. When the division process of the mitosis occurs, incorrect amounts of genetic material are given to the new daughter cells.

A

Direct Hit Theory

22
Q

It is the time between the initial irradiation and the occurrence of any biologic change.

A

Latent Period

23
Q 
It is a total body response to a large dose received over a short time period and that it is characterized by short term biologic effects.
A. Somatic Effects
B. Acute Radiation Syndrome'
C. Genetic Effects
D. Mutation
A

Acute Radiation Syndrome

24
Q

It is a long term effect
- occur in general body cells that involve all body functions except sexual reproduction.
- these effects include cancer, cataracts, and life-span shortening.
- birth defects are considered a possible long-term effect of the irradiation of the embryo of a pregnant woman
- defects induced by radiation in the organisms may occur at the genetic, embryonic, or fetal stage.
- Radiation has long been accepted as a carcinogenic (cancer-causing) agent.
A. Somatic Effects
B. Acute Radiation Syndrome’
C. Genetic Effects
D. Mutation

A

Somatic effects

25
Q

It is a long term effect
- occur in the germ cells, which are responsible for sexual reproduction.
- the effect that occur within the germ cell are transmitted to future generations and are therefore not evident to the individual in which they initially takes place.
A. Somatic Effects
B. Acute Radiation Syndrome’
C. Genetic Effects
D. Mutation

A

Genetic Effects

26
Q 
any alteration in the structure or amount of DNA..
A. Somatic Effects
B. Acute Radiation Syndrome'
C. Genetic Effects
D. Mutation
A

Mutation

27
Q 
These are produced whenever a stream of high speed electrons hits the atoms of a metal target in an x-ray tube.
A. Kilovoltage
B. Milliamperage
C. Primary Radiation
D. X-rays
A

X-rays

28
Q 
It controls the quality of x-ray beam.
A. Kilovoltage
B. Milliamperage
C. Primary Radiation
D. X-rays
A

Kilovoltage

29
Q 
It controls the quantity of radiation produced and functions inside the tube.
A. Kilovoltage
B. Milliamperage
C. Primary Radiation
D. X-rays
A

Milliamperage (mA)

30
Q 
It is an incident x-ray beam.
A. Kilovoltage
B. Milliamperage
C. Primary Radiation
D. X-rays
A

Primary Radiation

31
Q

It is secondary radiation emitted from the interaction of x-rays with matter; generally lower in energy, with a directional distribution that depends on the energy of the incident radiation.
A. Kilovoltage
B. Secondary Radiation/Scattered Radiation
C. Primary Radiation
D. X-rays

A

Secondary Radiation/Scattered Radiation

32
Q 
It  is used for the treatment of patients with cancer in radiation therapy or oncology; it is also used in the field of nuclear medicine.
A. Radionuclides
B. Radium
C. Cobalt60
D. Mutation
A

Radionuclides

33
Q 
It naturally existing radionuclide found in uranium ore
A. Radionuclides
B. Radium
C. Cobalt60
D. Mutation
A

Radium

34
Q 
It is a human-made radionuclide
A. Radionuclides
B. Radium
C. Cobalt60
D. Mutation
A

Cobalt60

35
Q 
The patient protection \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ factor of kilovoltage, time and distance are directly related to the amount of radiation exposure a patient receives.
A. Exposure Factor
B. Inverse Square Law
C. Filtration
D. Grid
A

Exposure Factor

36
Q 
It states that the intensity of the beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
A. Exposure Factor
B. Inverse Square Law
C. Filtration
D. Grid
A

Inverse Square Law

37
Q 
It is another factor that affects patient exposure. - In diagnostic radiology, aluminum is usually, the metal used to absorb the harmful soft radiation.
A. Exposure Factor
B. Inverse Square Law
C. Filtration
D. Grid
A

Filtration

38
Q 
These are used to absorb the scattered radiation that is created by the interaction of the primary radiation with matter before this scatter reaches the image receptor.
A. Exposure Factor
B. Inverse Square Law
C. Filtration
D. Grid
A

Grid

39
Q 
It is a restriction of the primary beam to a limited area
A. Shielding Devices Gonad
B. Collimation
C. Repeat Exposures
D. Cones and Diaphragms
A

Collimation

40
Q 
These are also beamed restricting devices that can be attached to the tube housing.
A. Shielding Devices Gonad
B. Collimation
C. Repeat Exposures
D. Cones and Diaphragms
A

Cones and diaphragms

41
Q 
This include restraining devices, technique charts, and a quality control program.
A. Shielding Devices Gonad
B. Collimation
C. Repeat Exposures
D. Cones and Diaphragms
A

Repeat Exposures

42
Q 
The general term that describes both the male and female reproductive organs.
A. Shielding Devices Gonad
B. Collimation
C. Repeat Exposures
D. Cones and Diaphragms
A

Shielding Devices Gonad

43
Q 
These are strips of lead-impregnated material; most suitable for AP and PA projections.
A. Shadow Shield
B. Shape Contact Shield
C. Personnel Protection
D. Flat contact shield
A

Flat contact shield

44
Q
  • used by men
  • cuplike shield to cover the scrotum and penis.
    A. Shadow Shield
    B. Shape Contact Shield
    C. Flat contact shield
    D. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL) –
A

Shaped contact shield

45
Q

-gloves and aprons
- lead goggles
- lead apron
A. Shadow Shield
B. Shape Contact Shield
C. Personnel Protection
D. Flat contact shield

A

Personnel Protection

46
Q 
most often used.
A. Shadow Shield
B. Shape Contact Shield
C. Flat contact shield
D. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL) –
A

Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL) –

47
Q

highly accurate and more appropriate than the film badge for some radiation monitoring tasks.
A. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD)
B. Shape Contact Shield
C. Flat contact shield
D. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL) –

A

Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) –

INTRO RAD (14 decks)

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