Seperation Techniques

Question 1

What are the 8 techniques to be made aware of

Answer 1

NMR
Xray Diffraction
Mass spectroscopy
Thermal analysis
Chromatography
UV analysis 
Infrared IR analysis
Microscopy

Question 2

What is separation is affected by

Answer 2

differences in distribution

mobility of molecules

Question 3

What are the 3 separation techniques to be made aware of

Answer 3

Electrophoresis
Membranous
Chromatography

Question 4

What is gel electrophoresis

Answer 4

lab technique used to separate DNA or proteins based on size

Question 5

How does gel electrophoresis work

Answer 5

Produce electrical field with cathode and anode on opposite ends of the box which contains the gel and the buffer.

The samples split forming a DNA ladder we then compare it to see what fragments mean what

Question 6

What is membrane separation dependent on

Answer 6

size, the small molecules are removed down a concentration gradient hile the larger ones are left behind.

Question 7

what is membrane separation used for

Answer 7

commonly used to remove impurities and small dye molecules from polymers or particles

Question 8

What is chromatography

Answer 8

components of a mixture are separated based on differences in the rate at which they are carried through a stationary phase by a gaseous or liquid mobile phase

Question 9

what is the stationary phase

Answer 9

fixed in place either in a column or on a planar surface

Question 10

what is the mobile phase

Answer 10

moves or or through the stationary phase carrying with it the analyte mixture

Question 11

What are the two types of High performance liquid chromatography

Answer 11

Normal phase

Reverse phase

Question 12

what is normal phase

Answer 12

it is when there is a polar stationary phase and a non polar mobile phase

Question 13

what is reverse phase

Answer 13

it is when there is a non polar stationary phase and a polar mobile phase

Question 14

What is elution

Answer 14

process of washing sample components through the stationary phase by continuous flow of the mobile phase

Question 15

how is retention time denoted

Answer 15

Tr

Question 16

what are the factors that affect the tr

Answer 16

flow rate of mobile phase

and

composition of mobile and stationary phase

Question 17

what is kc

Answer 17

Kc is termed the partition coefficient

it is the molar concentration of analyte in the stationary phase divided by the molar concentration of theanalyte in the mobile phase

Question 18

What is the resolution

Answer 18

measure of how well peaks are seperated

Question 19

what 3 factors affect band broadening

Answer 19

Path of them olecule through the column

Flow rate

Packing of the stationary phase

Question 20

What are 3 factors that lead to misshapen peaks

Answer 20

longitudinal diffusion

resistance to mass transfer

eddy diffusion

Question 21

What is longitudinal diffusion

Answer 21

analyte concentration higher at the Centre of the band so diffuses out to the edges

Question 22

what affects longitudinal diffusion

Answer 22

slow flow rate increase longitudinal diffusion

Question 23

what is Resistance to mass transfer

Answer 23

resistance to analyte movement

Question 24

what is eddy diffusion

Answer 24

broadening of peaks due to different analytes taking different paths through to the stationary phase

Question 25

What are the two main types of HPLC detectors

Answer 25

responsive to physical and chemical properties of sample components

responsive to changes in properties of the mobile phase