varieties of English

Question 1

register variation

Answer 1

field
- variation according tot he activity in which language play a part - legal language, advertising, public speaking, friendly conversation

Mode
- variation according to the part of the language is playing 
written - spoken 
interactive- non interactive 
humorous - serious 

Tenor
-variation according to the relationship between the participants which effects their attitude
formal- informal, private - public
polite familiar

Question 2

types of dialect

Answer 2

regional dialect
- varieties according to location

double negatives - she hasn’t done nothing

3rd persons endings - the dog live in the swam

social dialect

• social class
• education
• ethnic group
• age
• sex

Question 3

British vs American English

Answer 3

British

phonetical difference - receive pronunciation, non-rhotic

grammatical difference - past participle or past tense forms - get - got - got
comparatives - his style is different from mine

lexical differences - autumn

American
rhotic

get-got - gotten

His style is different than mine

fall

Question 4

context

Answer 4

Lin nguistic - language preceding and following a language item

situational - the participants their roles and station-temporal settings

socio-cultural - knowledge of the general types of situation, background and cultural knowledge shared by discourse community

dialect variation - variation according to the user - different ways of saying the same thing while using different phonetic, lexical and grammatical means

register variation - variation according to the use
- the way things are said depends on the topic, the situation and circumstances in which the communication takes place and the specific intentions and purposes of the participants

Question 5

end focus principle
end weight principle
modality
factuality

Answer 5

1. the most important information is placed at the end
2. longer structures occur later in a sentence
3. modality - he must, is likely to be , might probably be
4. factuality - she managed to come, I wish she had come

Question 6

grammar and discourse

Answer 6

grammar
- the system of rules and principles underlying the form and meaning of words, phrases, clauses and sentences

discourse

• dthestudy of grammar in discourse
• grammatical structures as they are used in actual communication and analyses meanings conveyed in a particular context - taking into consideration the participants motivations, inventions and purposes

Question 7

register and dialect

Answer 7

register - the way things are said depends on the topic, the situation and circumstances in which the communication takes place and the specific intentions and purposes of the participants
dialect - different ways of saying the same thing while using different phonetic, lexical and grammatical means

Question 8

accent vs dialect

Answer 8

accent - how one pronouns words, only a part that makes a dialect

dialect - not just pronunciation, but vocabulary and grammar