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Anatomy Year 1 Medicine > Respiratory Anatomy 1.1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax?

A

It is the superior part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen.

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2
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

Heart, lungs, thymus and distal part of the trachea

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3
Q

What does the thoracic wall consist of?

A

skin, fascia, nerves, vessels, muscles, cartilage and bones.

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4
Q

What are the functions of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • It protects the thorax and some abdominal organs
  • It helps in inspiratory movements
  • It also acts a muscle attachment site for many groups of muscles.
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5
Q

What is the thoracic cage?

A

The thoracic skeleton forms the thoracic cage, which involves 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum, the twelve thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs.

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6
Q

What do the coastal cartilages form?

A

They form the anterior continuation of the ribs, providing a flexible attachment at the articulation with the sternum.

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7
Q

What separates the ribs and their cartilages?

A

Intercostal spaces

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8
Q

What occupies the intercostal spaces?

A

Muscles, vessels and nerves.

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9
Q

How does the thoracic region communicate with the neck?

A

It communicates via the superior thoracic aperture which is known as the anatomical thoracic inlet.

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10
Q

How does the thorax communicate with the abdomen?

A

It communicates via the inferior thoracic aperture which is also known as the anatomical thoracic outlet.

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11
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture bound by posteriorly?

A

The T1 thoracic vertebrae.

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12
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture bound by laterally?

A

The first pair of ribs.

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13
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture bound by anteriorly?

A

The costal cartilages of the first ribs and the superior border of the manubrium

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14
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bound by posteriorly?

A

12th thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bound by anteriorly?

A

Coastal cartilages of ribs 7 to 10 and the xiphisternal joint

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16
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bound by laterally?

A

11th and 12th floating ribs

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17
Q

What is located on each side of the manubrium?

A

The clavicular notch, which articulates with the sternal end of the clavicle.

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18
Q

What kind of joint is formed between the clavicle and the sternum?

A

A saddle joint.

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19
Q

What forms just below the joint between the clavicle and the sternum?

A

The sternum articulates with the cartilage of the first rib.

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20
Q

What kind of joint is formed between the sternum and the cartilage of the first rib and the sternum?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

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21
Q

What is the sternal angle and where is it formed?

A

The manubrium and the body of the sternum lie at different angles to each other and this is known as the sternal angle.

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22
Q

Where does the sternal angle lie?

A

At the level of the second pair of coastal cartilages which lies opposite to the fourth intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.

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23
Q

What are the three kinds of ribs?

A

True ribs, floating ribs and false ribs.

24
Q

What ribs are true ribs?

A

From ribs 1 to 7

25
Q

Why are ribs known as true ribs?

A

Because they are directly connected to the sternum.

26
Q

What ribs are false ribs?

A

They are from ribs eight to ten.

27
Q

Why are they called false ribs?

A

They are indirectly connected to the sternum. They are connected to each others cartilages and form a coastal margin.

28
Q

What ribs are floating ribs?

A

They are ribs 11 and 12

29
Q

Why are they floating ribs?

A

Because they are not connected to the sternum.

30
Q

What is the shape is the first rib?

A

It is flat and broad.

31
Q

What are the two surfaces of the first rib?

A

Superior and inferior.

32
Q

What is the anterior groove on the superior surface of the first rib for?

A

Subclavian vein

33
Q

What is the posterior groove on the superior surface of the first rib for?

A

Subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus.

34
Q

What separates the two grooves?

A

The tubercle for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle

35
Q

What does the head contain and what does it articulate with?

A

A singular articular facet for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebrae.

36
Q

How many articular facets do all the other ribs have?

A

2

37
Q

How many vertebra does each rib articulate with?

A

2

38
Q

What things does a typical rib have?

A

Head, neck, tubercle and the body.

39
Q

What two ribs do the ribs articulate with?

A

The one at the same level and the one above it

40
Q

What is a costovertebral joint?

A

It is the joint between the ribs and the vertebrae.

41
Q

What kind of joints are the articular facet joints?

A

Plane synovial joint .

42
Q

What is the tubercle of the rib?

A

The hump at the junction of the neck and the body of the rib

43
Q

What does the tubercle articulate with?

A

It articulates with the articular process of the vertebrae of the same level.

44
Q

What kind of joint does the tubercle and the articular process form?

A

Plane synovial joint

45
Q

What is the name of the joint that is formed between the transverse process and the ribs?

A

Costotransverse joint

46
Q

What are other joints that are formed in the ribs?

A
  • Sternocostal joint - between the sternum and the second to 7th ribs
  • Interchondral joints - plane synovial joints
  • manubrial-sternal joint and intervertebral joints - secondary cartilaginous
47
Q

How does the chest move during inspiration?

A

The movement of the thorax and the diaphragm the intra-thoracic diameter and the volume of the thorax, and it also reduces the inter thoracic pressure

48
Q

How does the chest move during expiration?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and so they decrease the intra-thoracic volume but increasing the inter thoracic pressure, which will help to expel the air. It also allows stressed elastic tissue of the lungs to recoil.

49
Q

What muscles are involved in forceful expiration?

A

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles

50
Q

What muscles are used for lnspiration?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles and accessory muscles.

51
Q

How many layers of intercostal muscles does an intercostal space have?

A

3

52
Q

What is the superior layer of the intercostal muscles called and what is the direction of the fibres?

A

External intercostal muscles and the fibres are inferioposteriorly towards the hand.

53
Q

What is the middle layer of the intercostal muscles called and what is the direction of the fibres?

A

Internal intercostal muscles and inferioposteriorly away from the hand.

54
Q

What is the inferior layer of the intercostal muscles called and what is the direction of the fibres?

A

Innermost intercostal muscle and it is the same as the internal intercostal muscle.

55
Q

What is the mnemonic to help remember the order of vessels from superior to inferior?

A

V A N

56
Q

Where are the intercostal vessels located?

A

They are located between the internal intercostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles.

Anatomy Year 1 Medicine (19 decks)

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