1w- The cell cycle Flashcards
1
Q
What two stages does the cell cycle consist of?
A
- interphase
- miotic (M) phase
2
Q
What are the three parts of interphase?
A
- G1: the initial growth phase, involves growth and DNA synthesis
- synthesis (S) phase: replication of DNA
- G2: a further growth phase
3
Q
What two parts does the miotic phase involve?
A
- mitosis
- cytokinesis
4
Q
What happens in mitosis?
A
The chromosomal material is separated by the spindle microtubules
5
Q
What happens in cytokinesis?
A
The cytoplasm is separated into two daughter cells
6
Q
What are the four stages of mitosis?
A
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
7
Q
What happens during prophase?
A
- DNA condenses into chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids
- nuclear membrane breaks down
- spindle microtubules extend from the MTOC by polymerisation and attach to
chromosomes via their kinetochores in the centromere region
8
Q
What happens during metaphase?
A
- chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (equator of the spindle)
9
Q
What happens during anaphase?
A
- as spindle microtubules shorten by depolymerisation, sister chromatids are
separated and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
10
Q
What happens during telophase?
A
- the chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around them
