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Physical Science > Ch 26 > Flashcards

Ch 26 Flashcards

1
Q

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in powered form

A

streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating smooth parallel sides

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that break unevenly have a

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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6
Q

molten rock material inside earth

A

magma

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7
Q

A mineral is ________ ________ _______

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

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8
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust?

A

Oxygen an silicone

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9
Q

what does inorganic mean?

A

Material that in non-living

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10
Q

What does arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

the way it breaks, how hard it is, and the crystal shape

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11
Q

What are the ways to identify mineral?

A

Luster, Fracture, cleavage, streak, Crystal shape, atomic arrangement, Hardness

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12
Q

What are two types of luster?

A

Metallic and non-metallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Very easily like meatal

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

appears like glass and/or earthy waxy

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15
Q

How do you perform a streak test?

A

rubbing a mineral on a unglazed white or black porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage and fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs Scale of hardness

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18
Q

What is the number range on Mohs Scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

1-10

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19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

Six

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20
Q

Minerals grow from the _________

A

inside out

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21
Q

What are three ways a mineral can form?

A

Molten rock, hot water, evaporation

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22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates and non silicates

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23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant?

A

Silicate

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24
Q

What elements are silicates made of?

A

silicon and oxygen

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25
Q

Non silicates do not contain which element?

A

silicon

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26
Q

What is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

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27
Q

is naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic ash?

A

Rock

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28
Q

How are rocks defined?

A

Composition and texture

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29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

Shape size and the arrangement of the rocks components

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30
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

within the earths crust

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31
Q

What type of molten rocks does intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

magma

32
Q

What is the name of the sires that illustrates stimulants crystallization of silicate?

A

Bowens reaction series

33
Q

What are the three types of magma?

A

mafic felsic and intermediate

34
Q

What magma type has low silica content?

A

mafic

35
Q

Which type of magma has high silica content?

A

felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?

A

oceanic crust deep conditional

37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz?

A

oceanic

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has coarse grained texture?

A

intrusive

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture?

A

extrusive

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

quickly

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

A

vesicalur and porfectric

42
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A

vesicaular

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystals sizes because of different cooling rates?

A

porphyritic

44
Q

Which type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?pumice

A

pumice

45
Q

small rock and mineral fragments are

A

class

46
Q

what types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?

A

water, wind, and other forces

47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A

move to new locations

48
Q

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A
49
Q

The empty space in between the grains is calle

A

pore space

50
Q

The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

A

compaction

51
Q

Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process

A

cementation

52
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A
53
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

Detritus

54
Q

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

A

detrital sedimentary rock

55
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

A
56
Q

which clasts size would be deposited first?

A
57
Q

What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks?

A
58
Q

How are chemical sedentary rocks formed?

A
59
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

A
60
Q

what are two common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

A

limestone and coral

61
Q

What are the three types of sedimentary rock?

A

clastic, organic and chemical

62
Q

metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things?

A

Heat pressure and chemical reactions

63
Q

Which types of rocks can be changed by a metamorphism?

A

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

64
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

A

regional metamorphism

65
Q

When shale is compressed , which type metamorphic rock is created?

A

slate

66
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic textures?

A

foliated and non foliated

67
Q

the crystals are arranged in layers and bands

A

foliated

68
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

A

texture and composition

69
Q

the continental changing from one type of rock to another

A

Rock cycle

70
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

A

sedimentary igneous and metamorphic

71
Q

what are three types of rocks?

A

sedimentary igneous and metamorphic

72
Q

Which types of rocks form from molten rock?

A

igneous

73
Q

Which types of rocks form from clasts, participation, or compressed once living matter?

A

sedimentary

74
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

A

metamorphic

75
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation or molten rock?

A

minerals

76
Q

crystals are randomly placed

A

nonfoliated

77
Q

which types of rocks form from clasts precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

A

sedimentary rocks

Physical Science (7 decks)

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