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Social Studies 8 > Renaissance Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Renaissance Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Queen Elizabeth I born?

A

1533.

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2
Q

How long was Queen Elizabeth I in power?

A

She claimed her throne at age 25 and held it for 44 years.

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3
Q

Who were Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand?

A

Monarchs of Spain.

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4
Q

What did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand believe with regards to religion?

A

Their most important legacy was ridding Spain of the Muslims.

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5
Q

What did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand believe with regards to exploration?

A

They strongly believed in exploration and expanding their reign over seas.

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6
Q

What did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand sponsor and why?

A

Columbus’ journeys to the Americas to expand their power and become rich from the resources and splendors from there.

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7
Q

How did New Spain come to be?

A

The newly discovered land, the Americas, became a colony of Spain known as New Spain.

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8
Q

Who was the first English sailor to circumnavigate the globe?

A

Francis Drake.

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9
Q

What was Francis Drake viewed as? By who? Why?

A

Was viewed as a pirate by the Spanish as he would often seize ships and raid their treasures.

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10
Q

What were Francis Drake’s accomplishments? (3)

A
  1. He was the first English sailor to circumnavigate the globe.
  2. Drake beat out the Spanish Armada (fleet of ships) in 1588.
  3. This gave him the great honour of being knighted by Queen Elizabeth I.
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11
Q

How did Francis Drake perish?

A

Drake died in a battle against the Spanish in 1596; he was placed in a lead coffin and dropped to the bottom of the sea (his preferred burial).

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12
Q

Why was Francis Drake never arrested?

A

Although the queen did publically denounce (condemn) him, he was never arrested for his crimes against the Spanish because Elizabeth reveled in the gold and jewels that Drake would bring back from the raided Spanish fleets to England.

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13
Q

Who was William Shakespeare?

A

A famous writer; made most famous by his plays.

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14
Q

When was Shakespeare born?

A

He was born at the end of the Renaissance.

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15
Q

What was Shakespeare the first to do?

A

He was the first to bring the core values of the Renaissance to the theatre.

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16
Q

What were Shakespeare’s plays about?

A

He focused on creating “human” characters with human problems. This meant that we were able to see the dilemmas of people of all social classes, as well as view monarchs as simple humans who made human mistakes.

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17
Q

What did Shakespeare base his writing off of?

A

Ancient Greek and Roman writings; something that was banned by the Catholic Church prior to the Renaissance.

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18
Q

Who saw one of Shakespeare’s first plays? Which play?

A

Queen Elizabeth I did. A Midsummer Night’s Dream.

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19
Q

What made Elizabeth a true Renaissance monarch? (3)

A
  1. She was well educated.
  2. She read Latin and Greek.
  3. She was a great patron of the arts.
20
Q

What were Queen Elizabeth I’s accomplishments? (2)

A
  1. Under her reign, England defeated Spain, the most powerful country in Europe at the time, in a great naval battle.
  2. Queen Elizabeth I contributed to England’s transformation into a prosperous trading country and a world power.
21
Q

Who did Queen Elizabeth I sponsor? (2)

A
  1. She sponsored explorers like Francis Drake.

2. Settlements in North America.

22
Q

What did Queen Elizabeth I support?

A

She supported piracy from the Spanish fleets and coastal towns of New Spain.

23
Q

Who was the Treaty of Tordesillas between?

A

It was agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese.

24
Q

What was the point of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

To clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World.

25
Q

When was the time of exploration in Europe?

A

The 1400s.

26
Q

What did the Portuguese discover?

A

Waterways to India through the Cape of Good Hope.

27
Q

What did the Spanish discover?

A

New lands in the Americas.

28
Q

Was Columbus’ discovery for nothing?

A

No. The newly discovered land held great potential wealth which would benefit European nations.

29
Q

What did Pope Alexander VI do?

A

He took action to clear up any confusion that may have arisen over territorial claims. He created the Treaty of Tordesillas.

30
Q

When was the Treaty of Tordesillas first created?

A

In 1493.

31
Q

Who created the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

Pope Alexander VI.

32
Q

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

Pope Alexander VI issued a decree which established an imaginary line running north and south through the mid-Atlantic. Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territory to the west of the line and Portugal would have possession of any unclaimed territory to the east of the line.

33
Q

Who got the raw end of the deal with regards to the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

Portugal did.

34
Q

Why did the Portuguese grow dissatisfied with the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

After further exploration, the Portuguese grew dissatisfied with the agreement when they realized how much more land Spain had been given.

35
Q

What happened as a result of the Portuguese’ dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

The line was re-negotiated and the agreement was officially ratified during a meeting in the Spanish town of Tordesillas.

36
Q

Why was it called the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

The re-negotiation of the line was during a meeting in the Spanish town of Tordesillas.

37
Q

When was the Treaty of Tordesillas re-negotiated?

A

In 1494.

38
Q

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas re-establish?

A

The line of exploration and land claims between Spain and Portugal.

39
Q

What did the Inca and Aztecs have in the early 1490s?

A

Thriving civilizations in what is now Central and South America.

40
Q

When did the Inca and Aztecs have thriving civilizations?

A

The early 1490s.

41
Q

What happened to the empires of the Inca and Aztecs?

A

In a few years, these empires were destroyed by the Spanish.

42
Q

What are some examples of the cost that the indigenous peoples paid everywhere that Europeans explored and settled in the Americas?

A

~ By 1600 less than one-tenth of the original population of the Americas remained.

~ Perhaps 90 million Indigenous people died during that time.

~ Most died of diseases, such as smallpox, measles, influenza, bubonic plague, yellow fever, cholera, and malaria brought by the Europeans. These diseases were unknown in the Americas, so indigenous people had no immunity, or resistance, to them.

~ Many Indigenous peoples in the Americas completely died out, among them the Beothuk of Newfoundland and the Ona of Tierra del Fuego.

43
Q

Why was Spain so wealthy?

A

The conquest of the Aztec and Incan empires in New Spain resulted in great wealth for Spain. Mines in Peru, Bolivia, and other areas shipped thousands of tonnes of gold and silver and countless emeralds across the ocean to Spain.

44
Q

How wealthy was Spain exactly?

A

For a time, Spain was by far the richest country in Europe.

45
Q

What did the English do when they found out how wealthy Spain was?

A

English sailors were in awe of the Spanish fleets coming back from New Spain laden with gold, jewels, and other valuable resources. The English designed smaller and faster fleets to be able to attack the larger, slower Spanish fleets in order to raid them of their treasures.

46
Q

What were the major things that Europeans learned about the world after exploring? (5)

A
  1. There are no sea monsters in the ocean.
  2. People everywhere look similar to themselves.
  3. The world was very different from how they had imagined it.
  4. They found a sea route to Asia around Africa.
  5. They came to realize that there existed two huge continents in the ocean between Europe and Asia.
47
Q

What was the line in the Treaty of Tordesillas called?

A

Papal Line of Demarcation.

Social Studies 8 (14 decks)

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