Aztecs Chapter 10

Question 1

How was Moctezuma thorough?

Answer 1

Sent officials to investigate, sent people to greet with valuable gifts after putting a lot of thought into whether to greet or fight them.

Question 2

How was Moctezuma intelligent?

Answer 2

Sent gifts as a peace offering, small group of people for this, sent people to investigate, and knew their presence was significant.

Question 3

How was Moctezuma decisive?

Answer 3

He chose to greet them and was very loyal to that decision by offering expensive gifts, considered his knowledge to make this decision.

Question 4

How was Moctezuma cunning?

Answer 4

He was giving them gifts although he was not sure whether he trusted them or not, knew they were technologically advanced; Aztecs couldn’t fight them.

Question 5

How was Cortes adventurous?

Answer 5

He went to the “New World” at age 19, went to conquer Aztecs, wanted to go to the Caribbean.

Question 6

How was Cortes restless?

Answer 6

Wanted to go where the action was, Carribbean, “New World”, Aztecs, didn’t want to stay in Spain.

Question 7

How was Cortes arrogant?

Answer 7

Wanted gold and did things for his personal selfish gain, no respect for authority.

Question 8

How was Cortes fearless?

Answer 8

Wasn’t afraid to go to the Aztecs despite uncertainty and even though he knew this meant war against people with unknown weapons and tactics.

Question 9

How was Cortes greedy?

Answer 9

As soon as he heard about gold in the Caribbean, he wanted to go there. His historical actions were based on his greed for gold, mainly.

Question 10

In order, list Spain’s settlements in the Caribbean and when they were established.

Answer 10

Santo Domingo (1496) -> San Juan (1509) -> Baracoa (1510) -> Sevilla la Nueva (1510-1523) -> Bayamo and Santiago de Cuba (1513) -> San Cristobal (1515) -> Veracruz (1519).

Question 11

The Aztecs were aware of but had little to do with the indigenous peoples of Hispaniola. Why do you suppose this is?

Answer 11

Aztecs had few allies, they were far apart, and there was a sea in between.

Question 12

Aztecs had very few allies in areas such as Zacatec and Yucatan. Why do you suppose this is?

Answer 12

They were far apart, Aztecs were independent, Aztecs were violent, aggressive, and had few allies generally.

Question 13

What were the steps of the strategy the Conquistadors used when conquering the Indigenous groups in the Americas? (4)

Answer 13

1. Expedition sets out from a recent colony.
2. Met peacefully with Indigenous to find the most powerful group.
3. Invited the leader to exchange gifts, then seized them and threatened to kill them unless their followers obeyed. If there was a fight, they tried to fight on the ground. They had a great advantage.
4. People became slaves, the leader of the expedition remained governor, and second-in-command organized the next expedition.

Question 14

What was Christoph Weiditz’s point of view about Cortes?

Answer 14

He saw Cortes as someone honourable who was of great assistance and meaning to Spain.

Question 15

What was Diego Rivera’s point of view about Cortes?

Answer 15

The Aztecs were in modern-day Mexico. He probably saw Cortes as backstabbing and terrible for enslaving the Aztecs. More specifically, showing their point of view and Cortes’ greediness for the gold. Rivera saw him as violent, a bully, greedy, and selfish.

Question 16

Cause: Moctezuma had heard reports of mysterious strangers in nearby territories.

Answer 16

Effect: Sent people to investigate.

Major Results: Exchanged gifts and met peacefully.

Question 17

Effect: Moctezuma sent people to investigate.

Answer 17

Cause: Moctezuma had heard reports of mysterious strangers in nearby territories.
Major Results: Exchanged gifts and met peacefully.

Question 18

Cause: Hernan Cortes had heard about the gold that Columbus brought back from the Caribbean islands.

Answer 18

Effect: Decided to go there.

Major Results: Joined crew and conquered Cuba.

Question 19

Effect: Cortes decided to go to the Caribbean islands.

Answer 19

Cause: Hernan Cortes had heard about the gold that Columbus brought back from the Caribbean islands.
Major Results: Joined crew and conquered Cuba.

Question 20

Cause: While in Cuba, Cortes learned that there was a civilization that was stronger, more advanced, and wealthier than any group that the Spanish had yet encountered.

Answer 20

Effect: Had people investigate and decided to conquer them.

Major Effects: Conquered the Aztec Empire successfully.

Question 21

Effect: Cortes had people investigate and decided to conquer the Aztecs.

Answer 21

Cause: While in Cuba, Cortes learned that there was a civilization that was stronger, more advanced, and wealthier than any group that the Spanish had yet encountered.
Major Effects: Conquered the Aztec Empire successfully.

Question 22

Cause: Velazquez was worried that Cortes would get all the glory for his discoveries and not recognize his authority over all the new lands Cortes might conquer.

Answer 22

Effect: Tried to stop the expedition.

Major Results: Cortes went to conquer them anyways.

Question 23

Effect: Velazquez tried to stop the expedition.

Answer 23

Cause: Velazquez was worried that Cortes would get all the glory for his discoveries and not recognize his authority over all the new lands Cortes might conquer.
Major Results: Cortes went to conquer them anyways.

Question 24

Cause: Cortes wanted to be responsible to King Carlos I rather than Velazquez.

Answer 24

Effect: Cortes established a town, La Villa Rica de la Veracruz on the coast of Mexico, and declared an independent government.
Major Results: Sent one ship back to Spain with all the treasures he had collected so far. Sank the other ships so those loyal to Velazquez could not defect.

Question 25

Effect: Cortes established a town, La Villa Rica de la Veracruz on the coast of Mexico, and declared an independent government.

Answer 25

Cause: Cortes wanted to be responsible to King Carlos I rather than Velazquez. Major Results: Sent one ship back to Spain with all the treasures he had collected so far. Sank the other ships so those loyal to Velazquez could not defect.

Question 26

How was Cortes harsh and ruthless?

Answer 26

Sank ships because he didn't trust his men would stick around for the expedition.

Question 27

How was Cortes determined?

Answer 27

He wanted to conquer the Aztecs and made sure that his men would have to accompany him. He also ignored Velazquez's protests.

Question 28

Give three examples of how the Spanish had access to better weapons than the Aztecs.

Answer 28

1. Aztec's war club shattered on Spanish armor. Was heavy, and needed two hands to use. Spanish swords were sharp, could slash and stab, one hand free (2m+). 2. Aztec spear had to get close. Spanish halberd was long, both a spear, axe, and a hook. 3. Aztec spearthrower threw spears long distances with more force. Spanish crossbow penetrated thick armour, and the Aztecs didn't even have armour.

Question 29

What role did weapons unknown to the Aztecs play in the war?

Answer 29

The Aztecs didn't know what to expect or how to defend themselves against these unknown weapons. Cortes fired cannons to intimidate. They were taken by surprise and thought of thunder and lightning at first. Were also unfamiliar with muskets and firearms.

Question 30

How was the horse a weapon for the Spanish?

Answer 30

Spanish rode with one hand, handled weapons with the other. Faster than the Aztecs, awed by these horses (fast, strong, and unknown). They had never seen horses before.

Question 31

Explain how Cortes used intimidation to try to gain a military advantage over the Aztecs. Was it effective? Why?

Answer 31

Cortes fired cannons to show their power to the Aztec ambassadors. Yes. The ambassadors ordered their painters to record this so Moctezuma could see.

Question 32

What was William Leahy's point of view about the dropping of bombs on two Japanese cities during WWII?

Answer 32

The bombs were of no assistance as the Japanese were defeated already and ready to surrender. Felt it was wrong to kill women and children in war. Being the first to use them made them like Barbarians of the Middle Ages.

Question 33

What was Colonel Paul Tibbets' point of view about the dropping of bombs on two Japanese cities during WWII?

Answer 33

Their job was to win. It stopped fighting and further death for both sides. If they didn't use the bombs first, they could have been used against them.

Question 34

What were the cause, effects, and major results of disease during the war?

Answer 34

Cause: Spanish brought diseases from Europe. They were immune to these illnesses, but the Aztecs were not. Effect: Smallpox epidemic broke out, affecting the Aztecs. Major Results: Weakened the Aztecs, killing most. This was the main reason for the victory of the Spanish

Question 35

What things did the Aztecs and the Spanish have in common? (5)

Answer 35

1. Warlike. 2. Mercantile (trading). 3. Avaricious (greedy). 4. Quick to resort to force. 5. Both believed they had a divine mission to rule the world.

Question 36

In the end, how did the Aztec's "flower wars" work against them in their conflict with the Spanish?

Answer 36

They were ritual battles among neighbours aimed at having victims sacrifice to the gods. It turned neighbours into enemies, which Cortes used to his advantage.

Question 37

What kind of allies did the Spanish have?

Answer 37

The Spanish tried to get as many Indigenous people to become their allies against the Aztecs. They got these allies by befriending them or defeating them.

Question 38

How did the Tabascans become a Spanish ally?

Answer 38

Cortes' forces defeated them.

Question 39

How did the Tabascans aid the Spanish in the war?

Answer 39

Gifts of food, clothing, gold, and slaves. One of these slaves was Malinche, the key to overcome the Aztec Empire. Spoke Aztec and Spanish, convertet to Christianity (new name was Dona Marina"). She was Cortes' advisor and spy. Acted as a mediary between Cortes and Moctezuma and became Cortes' concubine.

Question 40

Where was Malinche from?

Answer 40

The Tabascans.

Question 41

How did the Totonacs become a Spanish ally?

Answer 41

Complained about the tribute the Aztecs collected.

Question 42

How did the Totonacs aid the Spanish in the war?

Answer 42

Spanish protection in exchange for Totonac's warriors.

Question 43

How did the Tlaxcalans become a Spanish ally?

Answer 43

Fought the Spanish, but the Spanish held them off and the Spanish offered peace.

Question 44

How did the Tlaxcalans aid the Spanish in the war?

Answer 44

Provided 1000 soldiers.

Question 45

How did the Cholulans become a Spanish ally?

Answer 45

They were loyal to the Aztecs but were conquered. Malinche heard attack plans on Spanish and alerted Cortes.

Question 46

How did the Cholulans aid the Spanish in the war?

Answer 46

They didn't; they became neutralized.

Question 47

What did Moctezuma have to decide that contributed to the Aztec's war strategy? What did he choose? Why?

Answer 47

He had to choose between acting first and shaping the events or waiting to plan how to act based on what the other side would do. He decided to wait for the Spanish to make the first move. He probably made this decision because he didn't know what to do, who they were exactly, what they wanted, or what weapons they wielded. Afraid of their unknown weapons and tools.

Question 48

What did Moctezuma's speech reveal about his attitude toward Cortes?

Answer 48

He thought it was a miracle that he got to meet him. Honoured, respectful, and flattering, offered Aztec Empire benefits to Cortes. He was set on making peace with Cortes.

Question 49

Where were Cortes and his forces taken to live?

Answer 49

In the palace of Moctezuma's late father.

Question 50

What did the Aztecs show the Spaniards?

Answer 50

The glories of Tenochtitlan.

Question 51

What did the Spaniards think of the riches that lay in Tenochtitlan?

Answer 51

They were amazed and impressed by them.

Question 52

What caused Cortes to attack?

Answer 52

All the wealth and the desire to lead the Aztec society.

Question 53

The Spanish took Moctezuma under...

Answer 53

...house arrest.

Question 54

The Spanish stole...

Answer 54

...valuables from the city.

Question 55

Spanish forced Moctezuma to...

Answer 55

...make himself a subject under Spanish rule.

Question 56

What happened after Cortes and his forces were taken to live in the palace of Moctezuma's late father? (#1)

Answer 56

The Aztecs showed the Spaniards the glories of Tenochtitlan.

Question 57

What happened after the Aztecs showed the Spaniards the glories of Tenochtitlan? (#2)

Answer 57

The Spaniards were amazed and impressed at the riches that lay in Tenochtitlan.

Question 58

What happened after the Spaniards were amazed and impressed at the riches that lay in Tenochtitlan? (#3)

Answer 58

All the wealth and the desire to lead the Aztec society caused Cortes to attack.

Question 59

What happened after all the wealth and the desire to lead the Aztec society caused Cortes to attack? (#4)

Answer 59

The Spanish took Moctezuma under house arrest.

Question 60

What happened after the Spanish took Moctezuma under house arrest? (#5)

Answer 60

The Spanish stole valuables from the city.

Question 61

What happened after the Spanish stole valuables from the city? (#6)

Answer 61

Spanish forced Moctezuma to make himself a subject under Spanish rule.

Question 62

What happened after Spain had sent Governor Velazquez to arrest Cortes? (#1)

Answer 62

Cortes left Tenochtitlan with some soldiers to deal with the threat.

Question 63

What happened after Cortes left Tenochtitlan with some soldiers to deal with the threat? (#2)

Answer 63

Pedro de Alvarado gave the Aztecs permission to hold a festival. During the festival, Alvarado ordered his troops to massacre all of the dancers. The city was in an uproar.

Question 64

What happened after Pedro de Alvarado gave the Aztecs permission to hold a festival. During the festival, Alvarado ordered his troops to massacre all of the dancers. The city was in an uproar. ? (#3)

Answer 64

Cortes defeated Velazquez's force and convinced them to join him in his fight against the Aztecs.

Question 65

What happened after Cortes defeated Velazquez's force and convinced them to join him in his fight against the Aztecs? (#4)

Answer 65

Cortes forced Moctezuma to speak to his people to try to calm them down. Moctezuma's people were angry and threw stones at him, from which he died.

Question 66

What happened after Cortes forced Moctezuma to speak to his people to try to calm them down. Moctezuma's people were angry and threw stones at him, from which he died. ? (#5)

Answer 66

The Aztecs attacked the Spanish and their allies, killing many of them, and driving the rest out of Tenochtitlan.

Question 67

What happened after the Aztecs attacked the Spanish and their allies, killing many of them, and driving the rest out of Tenochtitlan? (#6)

Answer 67

When Cortes returned six months later, the smallpox epidemic had killed of 25% of the Aztec population.

Question 68

What happened after When Cortes returned six months later, the smallpox epidemic had killed of 25% of the Aztec population. ? (#7)

Answer 68

The Spanish wrecked the city as they captured it. The Aztec empire ceased to exist.

Question 69

What happened after The Spanish wrecked the city as they captured it. The Aztec empire ceased to exist. ? (#8)

Answer 69

In its place, Cortes would lay the foundations for another Spanish colony in the Americas.

Question 70

How did the knowledge aspect of the Spanish worldview affect their success against the Aztecs?

Answer 70

Better weapons and strategies.

Question 71

How did the values aspect of the Spanish worldview affect their success against the Aztecs?

Answer 71

Gold, glory, dominance. Something they fought for often and thus knew how to achieve.

Question 72

How did the knowledge aspect of the Aztec worldview affect their success against the Spanish?

Answer 72

Less, didn't know about Smallpox and how it worked. Had less developed military strategies and less advanced weapons.

Question 73

How did the values aspect of the Aztec worldview affect their success against the Spanish?

Answer 73

Domination was one of their values. They dominated their neighbours, turning them into enemies.

Question 74

Who were the Indigenous allies of the Spanish? (4)

Answer 74

Tabascans, Totonacs, Tlaxcalans, and Cholulans.

Question 75

What were the qualities and actions that made Cortes a hero? (6)

Answer 75

1. Expanded Spanish Empire. 2. Great leader. 3. Bought back a lot of gold. 4. Brave. 5. Great military strategist. 6. Won against Aztecs.

Question 76

What were the qualities and actions that made Cortes a villain? (8)

Answer 76

1. Took people as slaves. 2. Not loyal. 3. Greedy. 4. Turned on Velazquez. 5. Power hungry. 6. Massacred. 7. Destroyed a cultural society. 8. Didn't just beat, but DESTROYED the Aztec Empire.