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Anatomy (Pharm 110) > 4.5 Shoulder/Arms > Flashcards

4.5 Shoulder/Arms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the prime movers of the arm

A

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

deltoid

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2
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • act as synergists and fixators: originate on scapula and reinforce shoudler capsule (glenohumeral joint), prevent dislocatoin

Supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

subscapularits

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3
Q

what are the synergists of the muscles crossing the shoudler joint?

A

Coracobrachialis and teres major

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4
Q

Pectoralis major

A

*prime mover of arm

  • covers superior portion of chest, forms anterior axillary fold

*divided into clavicular and sternal parts

O: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6, external oblique

I: humerus

*adducts and medially totates arm

*clavicle part assists in flextion, sternal part assists in extension

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5
Q

Deltoid

A
  • forms rounded shoulder muscle
  • O: clavicle, scapula

I: humerus

*prime mover of arm abduction when all fibers contract simulatanously

*if only anterior fibers active = flexing and rotating arm medially

*if only posterior fibers active = extension and lateral rotation of ar

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

latissimus - widest, dorsi = back

  • covered by trapezius superiorly, contricutes to posterior wall of axilla

O: thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest, and scapulae

I: humerus

*prme mover of arm extension - powerful arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder

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8
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • forms part of posterior wall of axilla,

O: scapula

I: humeus

*chief medial rotator of arm - assisted by pectoralis major

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9
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • located on posterior of scapula, deep to trapezius

*rotator cuff muscle

  • O: scapula

I: humerus

*initiates abduction of arm - stbalizes shoulder joint

(helps prev downward disslocation)

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10
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • partially covered by deltoid and trapezius

O: scapula

I: humerus

*rotates arm laterally

*heps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity - stabilizing shoudler joint

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11
Q

Teres minor

A

*teres = round

  • elongates muscle lying inferir to infraspinatus, may be in seperable from it
  • rotator cuff muscle

O: scapular

I: humerus

*same action as infraspinatus, rotates arm laterally

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12
Q

Teres major

A
  • located inferiorly to teres minor
  • helps form posterior wall of axilla

O: scapula

I: humerus

  • extends, medially rotates and adducts arm (synergist of latissimus dorsi)
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13
Q

coracobachialis

A

O: scapula

I: humerus shaft

*flexes and adducts muscle (moves arm twds body)

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

what divides arm into compartments?

A

walls of fascia

  • divides into anterior and posterior compartments
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16
Q

tricaps brachii

A

* posterior muscle, crosses elbow joint

  • only muslce of posterior compantment of arm
  • 3 headed origin: Long head = scapula, lateral = humerus, medial - humeral shaft

I: ulna

*powerful arm extensor, medial head is the prime mover

*antagonizes forearm flexors

*long and lateral heads mainly active in extending forearm against resistance

17
Q

Anconeus

A

*ancon = elbow

  • short triagular muslce, partially blended w. distal end of tricepts on post humerus

O: humerus

I: ulna

*may control ulnar abduction during forearm pronation

*synergist of tricepts brachii in elbow extension

18
Q
A
19
Q

Biceps brachii

A
  • two headed, bellies unite as insertion point aproaches

O: sapula

I: radial tuberosity

*flexes and supinates forearm

20
Q

Brachialis

A
  • immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus

OL humerus

: ulna

*major forearm flexor (works with biceps brachii)

21
Q

Brachioradialis

A

*crosses eblow joint

  • superficial muscle of lateral forearm

O humerus

I: radial stylod process

*synergist in flexing forewarm

22
Q

what are the functions of the anterior and posterior muscles of the forarm

A

anterior: flexors, insert via flexor retinaculum
posterior: exteniors, insert via extensor retinaculum
actions: movement of writst, fingers, tumb and pronation/supination of forearm

23
Q

how many posterir muscles are there?

A
  • five superficial and five deep, two other muscles
  • most arise from common flexor tendona attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist be extensor retinaculum
24
Q

Superficial posterior muscles are

A

Brachiradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor carpi ulnaris

25
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A
  • parellels brachioradialis on lateral forarm

O: humerus

I: metacarpal

*extends hand in conjuctions w/ extensor carpi ulnaris

*abducts hand in conjunction with carpi radialis

26
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A
  • shorter and deep to extensor carpi radialis longus
  • O: humerus

I: metacarpal

*extends and abducts hand - acts synergistically w. capi rad longus to steady wrist

27
Q

Extensor digitorum

A
  • medial to extensor capi radialis brevis
  • detached portion of muscle = extensor digiti minimu

O: humerus

I: second to fifth fingers

*prime mover of finger extension (can extend hand and abduct fingers)

28
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A
  • most medial and superficial
  • O: humerus and ulna

I: metacarpal

*extends hand in conjunction w. carpi radialis and adducts hand w/ flexor carpi ulnaris

29
Q

Supinator

A

*supination = turning palm anteriorly or upwards

  • deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow, largely concealsed by superficial muscels

I: humerus, ulna

I: radius

*assists biceps brachii ro forcibly superinate forwarm

30
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A
  • lateral and parllel to extensor pollicis longus - distal to supinator
  • O: radius and ulna

I: first metacarpal

*abducts and extends thumb

31
Q

Extensor pollicis breis and longus

A
  • deep muscle pair with common origin and action
  • overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris

O: radius and ulna

I: thumb

*extends thumb

32
Q

Extensor indicis

A
  • tiny muslce close with wrist
  • O: ulna

I: index finger

*extends index fiber, assists w/ wrist extending

33
Q
A
34
Q
A

Anatomy (Pharm 110) (41 decks)

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