Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy (Pharm 110) > 9.2 Release of hormones > Flashcards

9.2 Release of hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two lobes of the pituitary gland

A
  • Neurohypophysis: posterior lobe (neural tissue): receives, stores and releases hormones from hypothalamus

^ continuation of hypothalamus

  • Adenohypophysis: anterior lobe, glandular tissue: synthesies and secretes hormones (involved in stress, growth and reporduction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 major areas of the hypophysis

bit of overview of structure/how thigns are transmittd

A

PVN (paraventricular nuclei), VH (ventral hypothalamus), SON (supraoptic nuclei)

  • primary capillary plexus receives hormones secreted from hypothalamus
  • primary ans secondary capillary plexus are connected in series
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

*hypothalamus projects down to post Pituitaty

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the anterior lobe of the pituitary

A
  • otupocking of oral mucosa
  • no dierct neural contact with hypothalamus
  • is a vascular connection, the hypophyseal portal system which has: primary and secondary capillary plexus and hypophyseal portal viens

*hypo releaseshormones into prim cap plex -? travel thru protal veins to anterior pit to sitmulate or inhibt hormone release -> hormoens secreted into secondary cap plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what tropic hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis

A

*modulate secretion of other hormones

􏰃 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH):

􏰃 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

􏰃 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

􏰃 Luteinizing hormone (LH)

􏰃 Growth Hormone (GH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what non tropic hormones are secreted by the adenophypophysis

A
  • prolactin, Beta-lipotropin, mealnocyte stim hormone (MSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the endocrine cell types in the adenohypophesis

A
  • Corticotrophs (15-20%)
    • produce ACTH (adrenal gland) B-lipotropin (adipocytes) and MSH (melanocytes)
  • Thyrotroph (3-5%)
    • TSH (thyroid gland)
  • Gonadotroph (10-15%)
    • LH, FSH (gonads)
  • Somatotroph (40-50%)
    • GH (all tissues, liver)
  • Lactotroph (10-15%)
    • PRL (breast gonads)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what hromones are secreted by the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

A

*stim secretion from anterior pituitary

  • Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH): stim ACTH secretion
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH: sitm TSH and PRL secretion
  • Growth hormone stim hormone (GHSH): stim GH secretion
  • Somatostatin (GHIH): inhibits GH secretion
  • Gonadotropin releaseing hormone (GnRH): stim LH and FSH secretion
  • Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH): stim PRL secretion

Prolactin inhib homone (Dopamine): inhibits PRL secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Summar of adenohypothyssi action

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe Growth hrmone

A
  • anabolic (building)
  • stimulates inrease size and divison of msot cells
  • promotes protein synthesis and encourages the sue of fats
  • Key targets: liver, bone and skeletal muscle

*effects mediated indirectly by somatomedins (growth promoting protins eg IGF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

metabolic action of HG

A
  • GH released by pituitary to the liver and target tissues
  • liver causes formation of IGF-1 (neg feedback to brain)
  • > inhibits GHRH release and sitm GHIH release
  • IGF-1 can also to to target tissues and modulate things like growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

results of GH secretion

A
  1. Skeletal: increased cartilage formation and skeletal growth
  2. Extraskeletal: inc protin synthesis and cell growth and proliferation
  3. Fat: inc fat breakdown and release
  4. Carbohydrate metabolism: inc blood glucose and other anti=insulin effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is acromegaly?

A
  • excessive GH section after pubery -> epiphyseal paltes have closed
  • get tissue swelling, pigmentation changes, skull expansion
  • can be due to pituitary tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is gigantism

A
  • excess GH secretion before closure of epiphyseal plates in long bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

release/ cycle of TH

A
  • Hypothalamus secrets TRH into hypophoseal protal -> to pituitary
  • Pituitary releases TSH -> thyroid to release T4 and T3 to modulate cell activity
  • free and bound hormone in equlibrium, but the free version causes inhibition at pituitary -> inhibt TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

release and regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

aka corticotropin

*release can be modualted by internal ro external factors like fever, hypoglycemia and stressors

  • stressor or CRH from hypothalmus causes ACTH to eb released from anterior pituitary
  • Acth -> adrenal gland -> releases cortisol, adrenal medulla releases Noradrenaline and adrenaline
17
Q

idk the point fo this slide

A
18
Q

what are gonadotropins

A

FSH and LH

  • reg functoin of ovaries and testes
  • FSH stimulates gemete (egg or sperm) production
  • absent fomr the blood in prepubertal boys and girls
  • triggered by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasin hormone (GnRH) during and after puberty
19
Q

function of gonadotropins in females and males

A
  • Females
    • LH works with FSH to cause maturation of the ovarian follicle
    • LH works alone to trigger ovulation
    • LH promotes synthesis and release of estrogens and progesterone
  • In males
    • Fsh acts on sertoli cells -> get mature sperm
    • LG acts on leydig cells -> get testosterone
20
Q

Describe prolactin (PRL)

A
  • in females, stimulates milk production by the breasts
  • Triggered by the hypothalamic prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
  • Inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH, dopamine)
  • Blood levels rise toward the end of pregnancy
  • Suckling stimulates PRH release and encourages continued milk production
21
Q

key features of the posterior pituitary

A
  • paraventicular nucleus
  • supraoptic nucleus
  • infundibulum
  • hypothalamic hypophyseal tract
22
Q

secretion of hormones from posterior pituitary

A
  1. Hypothalamus neurons synthesize oxytocin and ADH
  2. Oxytocin and ADH are transported along the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract to the posterior pituitary
  3. Oxytocin and ADH are stores in axon terminals in the posterior pituitary
  4. Oxytocin and ADH are released itno the blood when hyophalamuc neurons fire
23
Q

describe oxytocin

A
  • released by posterior pituitary
  • regulated by postiive feedback

-

  • Leads to increased intensity of uterine contractions during birth
  • Synthetic and natural oxytocin drugs are used to induceor hasten labor
  • triggers milk ejection (“letdown reflex”) inwomen producing milk
  • Plays a role in sexual arousal and satisfaction in males and non-lactating females
24
Q

describe ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone (released by posterior pituitary)

  • Plasma osmolality is monitored by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus (PVN and SON)
  • high solutes leads to ADH release preserving water
  • low solutes inhiibt ADH release cusing water loss
  • Alcohol inhibits ADH release and causes copious urine output
  • ADH secretion also sitmulate by large decrease in blood volume/blood pressure

Anatomy (Pharm 110) (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions