1.1-1.2

Question 1

Norms

Answer 1

Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern people behaviour

Question 2

Values

Answer 2

General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives

Question 3

Formal sanctions

Answer 3

Sanctions imposed by official bodies such as police or schools

Question 4

Informal sanctions

Answer 4

Where rules arnt formally written however if disobeyed then others show disapproval such as refusal to speak

Question 5

Positive sanctions

Answer 5

Rewards for good behaviour

Question 6

Social control

Answer 6

All sanctions are forms of social control where ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour

Question 7

Actus reus

Answer 7

A guilty act

Question 8

Mens Rea

Answer 8

A guilty mind

Question 9

Strict liability

Answer 9

A person who is legally responsible for the consequences flowing from a criminal activity

Question 10

Self defence

Answer 10

Defending the health and well being of oneself from harm

Question 11

Summary offences

Answer 11

Offences only in magistrates court like being drunk and disorderly

Question 12

Indictable offences

Answer 12

More serious offences in the crown court infront of a judge luke murder

Question 13

Custodial sentences

Answer 13

A sentence of imprisonment

Question 14

Indeterminate sentence

Answer 14

A sentance without a release date

Question 15

Conditional cautions

Answer 15

If u don’t comply with conditions you can get further sanctions

Question 16

Penalty notices

Answer 16

Sanctions for anti social behaviour such as littering

Question 17

Adultery definition

Answer 17

Sex with a person while married to someone else

Question 18

Where is adultery a crime

Answer 18

Religion dominant places in Asia with punishments such as 100 lashes

Question 19

Homosexuality

Answer 19

Sexually attracted to another person of the same gender

Question 20

Where is homosexuality a crime

Answer 20

Iran with death penalty

Question 21

Why does homo law vary

Answer 21

Religions like Christianity and Judaism have condemned homosexuality

Question 22

Polygamy

Answer 22

More then one wife or husband at same time

Question 23

Where is polygamy a crime

Answer 23

England imprisonment for 7 years

Question 24

Where is polygamy legal

Answer 24

India

Question 25

Why polygamy law varies

Answer 25

Quran permits Muslim men to have up to 4 wives at once

Question 26

Cannabis

Answer 26

Smoking possessing and supplying cannabis

Question 27

Where is cannabis a crime

Answer 27

Uk Imprisonment or fine

Question 28

Where is cannabis legal

Answer 28

Canada

Question 29

Reasons why cannabis laws vary

Answer 29

Some countries have more freedom and see drug use as victimless

Question 30

Moral panic law enforcement

Answer 30

How the sentences given out will be more harsh then the sentences given out when time was normal

Question 31

Typification law enforcement (who does police enforce harsh laws on)

Answer 31

The police enforces harsher laws on people of ethnic minority younger and there attitudes to the law

Question 32

Situational factors police enforcement

Answer 32

Class Ethnicity Age Attitudes to police Place and time

Question 33

Criminal age responsibility

Answer 33

2 people being treated differently by the law if one of them is below the age of criminality

Question 34

What is the logic behind the age of criminal responsibility

Answer 34

Children below this age are unable to understand there actions and consequences

Question 35

What ages appear at magistrates courts

Answer 35

10-17 year olds

Question 36

Diminished responsibility

Answer 36

When a. Defendant can show mental conditions that can reduce there ability to understand what they were doing

Question 37

Loss of control

Answer 37

A partial defence that may reduce original offence for example going beyond self defense

Question 38

Automatism

Answer 38

A crime must be a voluntary act and the defendant must have consciously chosen to commit the crime

Question 39

When laws changed for homosexuality

Answer 39

1967 the sexual offences act was decriminalised between men over 21

Question 40

Wolfenden report

Answer 40

5/9/1957 Saod homosexual consenting adults shouldn’t be a crime

Question 41

Where did they get evidence from for the wolfenden report

Answer 41

Police and Probation officers, psychiatrists, religious leaders and gay men who had been affected

Question 42

When was Portugal drug law chnages and what happend

Answer 42

2001 they decriminalised drugs And when caught were only allowed 25 grams of weed a week and 1 gram of mdma or heroin

Question 43

Why did they change laws in Portugal

Answer 43

The rapid growth of drug addiction was 1 in 100 was addicted to heroin And it reduced the cost from drug use

Question 44

Why were there Changes in gun laws

Answer 44

Micheal Ryan 1987 Dunblane 1996

Question 45

What was the Micheal Ryan case

Answer 45

In hunger ford he was 27 and went in a shooting spree killing 16 people however he had mental issues and a gun license which lead to the 1988 ammenments

Question 46

What was the 1988 amendments

Answer 46

The act of tightening of control of fire arms

Question 47

What happens in dunblane

Answer 47

16 children and there teacher were shot dead and then the killer shot himself in a school

Question 48

What did John major introduce

Answer 48

He banned every single hand gun except single shot guns

Question 49

What did Tony Blair do

Answer 49

Banned remaining hand guns apart from historic sporting weapons

Question 50

What was the changing law relating to children

Answer 50

The dominant idea that childhood is special and should be protected

Question 51

What did Phillippe aires argue about childhood

Answer 51

That childhood didn’t exist

Question 52

Capital punishment

Answer 52

Legal authorised killing of someone as a punishment for crime

Question 53

Corporal punishment

Answer 53

Physical punishment such as flogging

Question 54

Criminological theories

Answer 54

Compare crime and deviance Cannabis where legal and is it a crime Homosexuality Wolfenden report

Question 55

Biological theories

Answer 55

Genetic theories Physiological theories

Question 56

Physiological theories

Answer 56

Lombroso Sheldon

Question 57

Genetic theories

Answer 57

XYY Twin studies Adoption studies

Question 58

Crime control policies

Answer 58

Drug and alcohol Chemical castration Diet

Question 59

Indivualistic theories of crime

Answer 59

Psychodynamic theories Learning theories

Question 60

Psychodynamic theories

Answer 60

Freud Bowlby Eysenck

Question 61

Learning theories

Answer 61

Social learning theory bandura Differential association theories

Question 62

Sociological theories

Answer 62

Functionalist theories Subcultural theories Labelling theory Marxist theory Right realists Left realists