11

Question 1

_____ is important because it provides a basis for distributing petrophysical properties in 3D space

Answer 1

Reservoir architecture

Question 2

Modern correlation methods rely more on the chronostratigraphic approach, one that uses time stratigraphy rather than lithostratigraphy to determine continuity between wells. This approach is referred to as _____

Answer 2

sequence stratigraphy

Question 3

To locate reservoirs it has to be known if they were generated in a
_____ environment

Answer 3

DELTAIC, FLUVIAL or REEF

Question 4

three basic types of reflection terminations for upper and lower boundaires of seismic sequences:

Answer 4

• toplap
• onlap
• downlap

Question 5

8 basic types external shapes:

Answer 5

• sheet
• sheet drapes
• wedge
• bank
• lens
• mound
• fan
• fill

Question 6

textures:

Answer 6

• parallell & sub-parallel textures
• divergent & convergent textures
• prograding textures
• chaotic textures
• relfection-free areas

Question 7

Prograding textures:

Answer 7

• sigmoid
• oblique tangential
• oblique parallel
• complex-sigmoid oblique
• shingled
• hummocky

Question 8

Chaotic textures:

Answer 8

• onlap fill
• mounded onlap fill
• divergent fill
• prograded fill
• chaotic fill
• complex fill

Question 9

Mounds:

Answer 9

• concave upward simple
• concave upward complex
• chaotic

Question 10

_____ is modeled by contouring and digitizing geologic maps.

Answer 10

Reservoir architecture

Question 11

The _____ is the point where the geological and geophysical interpretations have their greatest impact on the final representation of the reservoir.

Answer 11

mapping/contouring procesd

Question 12

The maps will be used for:

Answer 12

■well placement
■ reserves calculation
■ reservoir performance monitoring

Question 13

A _____ is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface.

Answer 13

geographic information system (GIS)

Question 14

_____ data is strongly connected to geography

Answer 14

Oil and gas

Question 15

The aim of _____ is to turn the geological model of the field into a discrete system on which the fluid flow equations can be solved.

Answer 15

gridding in reservoir simulation

Question 16

• It divides the reservoir into many small gridblocks.
• t gives the most accurate numerical representation, but has the greatest computational expense

Answer 16

FINE GRID

Question 17

• It has fewer gridblocks, but the coarse gridblocks must be larger than the fine gridblocks to cover the same model volume.

• it is is less expensive to run than a fine grid, but it is also less accurate numerically.

Answer 17

COARSE GRID

Question 18

Versatile when used in gridding process

Answer 18

3D Reservoir Mapping Package

Question 19

changed relatively quickly once properly set up

Answer 19

COMPUTER GENERATED MAPS

Question 20

Disadvantage of Computer Generated Maps:

Answer 20

• not include all of the detailed
interpretations
• the amount of detail that can be
obtained is limited
• Can describe a reservoir with a much finer grid than can be used in a reservoir simulator

Question 21

The numbers of cells must be reduced by _____

Answer 21

upscaling

Question 22

RESERVOIR GRIDS

Answer 22

• 1D (horizontal and vertical)
• 2D (areal and cross-sectional)
• 3D
• Cartesian or cylindrical coordinates

Question 23

_____ are used to model linear systems that do not include gravity effects.

Answer 23

Horizontal 1D Models

Question 24

______ has a variety of applications, including the determination of saturation-dependent data such as relative permeability curves.

Answer 24

Core Flood Modeling

Question 25

Approximating the vertical distribution of fluids in 2D cross-sectional and 3D models by _____

Answer 25

modifying relative permeability and capillary pressure curves

Question 26

The modified curves are called ____$. An example of a pseudoization technique

Answer 26

PSEUDO CURVES

Question 27

Its principal assumption is that fluid segregation in the vertical dimension is instantaneous. This assumption is approximated in nature when vertical flow is rapid relative to horizontal flow

Answer 27

Vertical Equilibrium (VE) Approximation

Question 28

• are designed to study rapid pressure and saturation changes • defined in cylindrical rather than Cartesian coordinates • most effectively simulated by a Fully Implicit Formulation

Answer 28

Near Wellbore Coning (Or Radial) Models

Question 29

_____ can be used to model coning, but timesteps must be very small, possibly on the order of minutes or hours

Answer 29

IMPES

Question 30

most straight forward technique

Answer 30

Block-centered geometry

Question 31

visually more realistic

Answer 31

Corner-point Geometry

Question 32

used to provide additional grid definition in a few selected regions of a larger grid

Answer 32

Local Grid Refinement (LGR)

Question 33

Model may be classified into three different types:

Answer 33

■ Full Field Models ■ Window Area Models ■ Conceptual Model

Question 34

are used to match performance of the entire field

Answer 34

Full Field Model

Question 35

are designed to look at smaller areas of the field

Answer 35

Window Area Models

Question 36

can also be used to prepare pseudo curves for use in full field or window area models

Answer 36

Conceptual models