13

Question 1

The act of adjusting a model of a reservoir until it closely reproduces the past behavior of a reservoir.

Answer 1

History Matching

Question 2

The stage when data is prepared in a form that can be used by the simulator.

Answer 2

Model Initialization

Question 3

Determine which data should be matched during the history matching process.

Answer 3

Data Acquisition

Question 4

The point at which fluid contacts are established and fluid volumes are calculated.

Answer 4

Equilibration

Question 5

A combination of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring and traditional flow modeling.

Answer 5

Seismic history matching

Question 6

_____ is the comparison of two or more 3-D seismic surveys over the same region at different points in time

Answer 6

Time-lapse seismic monitoring

Question 7

Variables to be matched during the history matching process:

Answer 7

• Pressure
• Production rate
• Phase ratios (GOR &WOR)
• Tracers

Question 8

A ranking of model input data quality that lets the modeler determine which data is most and least reliable.

Answer 8

Hierarchy of uncertainty

Question 9

_____ is determined when data are collected and evaluated for completeness and validity.

Answer 9

Data reliability

Question 10

The _____ should be changed first.

Answer 10

least reliable method

Question 11

Modified parameter values must be _____

Answer 11

physically meaningful

Question 12

Evaluation is based on comparison of observed and calculated parameters from the following plots:

Answer 12

▫ Pressure vs. Time
▫ Production/Injection Rates vs. Time
▫ GOR/WOR/Water Cut vs. Time
▫ Model Saturations vs. Well Log
Saturations
▫ Tracer Concentration vs. Time

Question 13

Sensitive quality indicators for a history match:

Answer 13

▫ Pressure match
▫ GOR/WOR/water cut match

Question 14

History match precision tolerance
values

Answer 14

• ±10% for a coarse study
• ±5% for a study demanding greater reliability in predictions

Question 15

A model may be considered _____ if it does not violate any known physical constraints.

Answer 15

reasonable

Question 16

A model may be _____ if it is reasonable.

Answer 16

acceptable

Question 17

Uniqueness Problem

Answer 17

▫ Non-unique; multiple solutions/approaches
▫ Unreliable or limited field data
▫ Numerical effects (related to software)

Question 18

Thus a model may be reasonable, but if it is based on an innovative technique that is reasonable but not approved, the model will be _____

Answer 18

unacceptable

Question 19

history matching parameters:

Answer 19

• pore volume
• permeability thickness
• relative permeability
• rock compressibility
• bubble-point pressure