12

Question 1

Next after defining objective:

Answer 1

1. history matching- collection of data and
   analyses
2. calibration phase
3. prediction phase

Question 2

_____ must be acquired and evaluated with a focus on its quality and the identification of relevant drive mechanisms that should be included in the model.

Answer 2

Data

Question 3

the type of model that will be needed for the study:

Answer 3

1. conceptual
2. window area or
3. full field model

Question 4

When pressure are matched in the model study, the calculated and observed pressure should be at a _____

Answer 4

common datum

Question 5

Common method used in pressure correction type is the _____

Answer 5

Peaceman correction

Question 6

Peaceman used a _____ to model the PBU performance of a well to find an equivalent well block radius r0.

Answer 6

Cartesian grid

Question 7

SIMULATOR SELECTION
AND OCKHAM’S RAZOR

Requirements can be classified into two general categories:

Answer 7

1. reservoir
2. non-reservoir

Question 8

Reservoir perspective focused in:

Answer 8

Fluid type
Reservoir architecture
Types of recovery process/drive mechanisms

Question 9

According to _____, the modeler should “select the least complicated model and grossest reservoir description that will allow the desired estimation of reservoir performance.”

Answer 9

Coats [1969],

Question 10

he is a fourteenth-century English philosopher, who said “plurality must not be posited without necessity“

Answer 10

William of Ockham

Question 11

_____ include personnel, simulator availability, and cost effectiveness.

Answer 11

Non-reservoir requirements

Question 12

_____ is approximately equal to computer cost for the study

Answer 12

Personnel cost

Question 13

The basic conservation laws of reservoir simulation

Answer 13

• mass
• energy
• momentum

Question 14

_____ in a representative
elementary volume (REV) or gridblock is achieved by equating the accumulation of mass in the block with the difference between the mass leaving the block and the
mass entering the block

Answer 14

Mass balance

Question 15

What makes a simulator different from a reservoir engineering material balance program is the ability of the simulator _____

Answer 15

to account for flow between blocks .

Question 16

Material balance calculation is actually a _____ of the simulator capability.

Answer 16

subset

Question 17

the simulation model can be enlarged to include _____ by modifying the grid representing the reservoir architecture.

Answer 17

position- dependent effects

Question 18

Reservoir temperature remains _____ throughout the life of the field

Answer 18

constant

Question 19

Equilibration is established _____

Answer 19

instantaneously

Question 20

_____ is modeled using Darcy’s Law.

Answer 20

Momentum conservation

Question 21

Some well models allow the user to model turbulent flow, especially for _____

Answer 21

high flow rate gas wells

Question 22

The dispersion term is usually neglected in most workhorse simulators such as _____

Answer 22

black oil and compositional simulators .

Question 24

The energy balance equation is more _____ because of the presence of additional nonlinear terms.

Answer 24

complex than the flow equations

Question 25

Useful for CO2 floods and geopressured gas -water reservoirs

Answer 25

Gas solubility modeling

Question 26

Must model reservoir structure, PVT data, rate equations, phase potential, and rock- fluid interactions

Answer 26

Good Simulators

Question 27

The _____ does not account for flow in the wellbore from the reservoir to the surface.

Answer 27

well model

Question 28

The wellbore model usually consists of a multivariable table relating surface pressure to such parameters as _____

Answer 28

flow rate and GOR

Question 29

Types of well controls:

Answer 29

• Production well controls • Injection well controls • Group and field controls (surface model)

Question 30

Fluid flow equations are a set of ____ equations that must be solved by computer.

Answer 30

nonlinear partial differential

Question 31

The partial derivatives are replaced with finite differences, which are in turn derived from _____

Answer 31

Taylor's series

Question 32

_____ are handed iteratively

Answer 32

Nonlinear terms

Question 33

applied to ensure the solution is well-posed physically meaningful

Answer 33

Boundary and Initial Conditions

Question 34

The two most common solution procedures:

Answer 34

1. IMPES 2. Newton-Raphson

Question 35

The three primary unknown variables for an oil-water-gas system

Answer 35

• oil phase pressure • water saturation • either gas saturation or solution GOR

Question 36

_____ is an implementation of a non iterative IMPES formulation.

Answer 36

IFLO

Question 37

A problem with large timesteps in the fully implicit technique is the introduction of a numerical effect known as _____

Answer 37

numerical dispersion

Question 38

_____ tables contain data that describe fluid properties

Answer 38

PVT property

Question 39

_____ tables represent relative permeability and capillary pressure effects.

Answer 39

Rock property

Question 40

the collection of blocks to which a particular set of PVT or Rock property tables applies is referred to as a _____

Answer 40

PVT or Rock region

Question 41

it is the volume of fluid that passes through a block in a single timestep

Answer 41

Throughput