11. BASIC CONCEPTS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a Hydrocarbon?
A compound contains hydrogen and carbon only
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
Contains single bonds only
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Contains carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds
What is a Homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group
What is a functional group?
The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
What does it mean when a hydrocarbon is aliphatic?
carbon atoms are joined to each other in straight or branched chains
what does it mean when a hydrocarbon is alicylic?
carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures
What does it mean when hydrocarbons are aromatic?
some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
Define Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound
Define General formula
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
What is the structural formula?
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
What are isomers
Different compounds with the same molecular formula
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What is a covent bond?
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms
What are the two ways covalent bonds can be broken by?
- Homolytic fission
- Heterolytic fission
What is Homolytic fission?
Each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond, forming 2 radicals.
Each atom now has a single unpaired electron
What is a radical?
An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron
What is Heterolytic fission?
One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
The atom that takes both of the electrons becomes a negative ion, the other atom becomes a positive ion
What do curly arrows do?
Show the movement of an electron pair
What are the 3 types of reactions?
- Addition
- Substitution
- Elimination
