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Chemistry > ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS - REACTION PATHWAYS > Flashcards

ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS - REACTION PATHWAYS Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Alkane —> Haloalkane?

A

Halogen
Uv
Free radical substitution

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2
Q

Alkene —> Alkane?

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
Hydrogenation

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3
Q

Alkene —> Haloalkane?

A

Hydrogen halide (g)
Room temp
Electrophilic addition

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4
Q

Alkene —> Alcohol?

A

H2O (steam)
H3PO4, 30O˚C, 60 atm
Electrophilic addition

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5
Q

Haloalkane —> Alcohol?

A

NaOH (aq)
heat under reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

Haloalkane —> Nitrile

A

CN- (eg KCN) / ethanol (as solvent)
heat under reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

Haloalkane —> Amine?

A

NH3 / ethanol (as solvent)
heat
Nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

Alcohol —> Alkene?

A

-
H3PO4 or conc H2SO4, heat under reflux
Elimination

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9
Q

Alcohol —> Haloalkane?

A

Sodium halide
conc H2SO4, heat under reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

Alcohol —> Ketone?

A

-
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, reflux
Oxidation

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11
Q

Alcohol —> Aldehyde?

A

-
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, distillation
Oxidation

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12
Q

Alcohol —> Carboxylic acid?

A

-
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, reflux
Oxidation

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13
Q

Alcohol —> Ester?

A

carboxylic acid
conc. H2SO4 or acid anhydride
Esterification

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14
Q

Aldehyde —> Alcohol

A

NaBH4
warm
Nucleophilic addition

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15
Q

Aldehyde —> Carboxylic acid?

A

-
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, reflux
Oxidation

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16
Q

Aldehyde —> Hydroxynitrile?

A

NaCN (aq) / H+(aq)
room temp
Nucleophilic addition

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17
Q

Carboxylic acid —> Acyl chloride?

A

SOCl2
room temp
Nucleophilic addition

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18
Q

Carboxylic acid —> Ester?

A

alcohol
conc H2SO4, heat under reflux
Esterification

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19
Q

Ketone —> Alcohol?

A

Nucleophilic addition

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20
Q

Ketone —> Hydroxynitrile?

A

NaCN (aq) / H+ (aq)
room temp
Nucleophilic addition

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21
Q

Nitrile —> Amine?

A

H2
Nickel catalyst, heat
Hydrogenation / reduction

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22
Q

Nitrile —> Carboxylic acid?

A

H2O/HCl
heat under reflux
Hydrolysis

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23
Q

Hydroxynitrile —> Amine?

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
Hydrogenation / reduction

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24
Q

Ester —> Carboxylic acid?

A

dilute acid
heat under reflux
Hydrolysis

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25
Ester —> Carboxylate?
OH- heat under reflux Hydrolysis
26
Acyl chloride —> Carboxylic acid?
H2O room temp Hydrolysis
27
Acyl chloride —> Ester?
Alcohol room temp Nucleophilic substitution
28
Acyl chloride —> Primary amide
NH3 room temp Nucleophilic substitution
29
Acyl chloride —> Secondary amide?
Primary amine room temp Nucleophilic substitution
30
Draw the functional group of an alkene
C=C
31
Draw the functional group of a Haloalkane
R - C - H
32
Draw the functional group of an Alcohol
R - C - OH
33
Draw the functional group of an Aldehyde
R - C = O | H
34
Draw the functional group of a Carboxylic acid
R - C = O | OH
35
Draw the functional group of a Ketone
R - C = O | R’
36
Draw the functional group of a Nitrile
_ R - C = N
37
Draw the functional group of a Hydroxynitrile
_ R - C - C = N | OH
38
Draw the functional group of an Ester
R - C = O | OR’
39
Draw the functional group of an Acyl chloride
R - C = O | Cl
40
Draw the functional group of a Carboxylate
R - C = O | O-
41
Draw the functional group of an Amine
R - NH2
42
Draw the functional group of a primary Amide
R - C = O | NH2
43
Draw the functional group of a secondary Amide
R - C = O | NH | R’
44
Alkane —> (include reaction mechanisms)
Haloalkane - Free radical substitution
45
Alkene —>
Alkane - Hydrogenation Haloalkane - Electrophilic addition Alcohol - Electrophilic addition
46
Haloalkane —>
Alcohol - Nucleophilic substitution Nitrile - Nucleophilic substitution Amine - Nucleophilic substitution
47
Alcohol —>
Alkene - Elimination Haloalkane - Nucleophilic substitution Ketone - Oxidation Aldehyde - Oxidation Carboxylic acid - Oxidation Ester - Esterification
48
Aldehyde —>
Alcohol - Nucleophilic addition Carboxylic acid - Oxidation Hydroxynitrile - Nucleophilic addition
49
Carboxylic acid —>
Acyl chloride - Nucleophilic substitution Ester - Esterification
50
Ketone —>
Alcohol - Nucleophilic addition Hydroxynitrile - Nucleophilic addition
51
Nitrile —>
Amine - Hydrogenation / Reduction Carboxylic acid - Hydrolysis
52
Hydroxynitrile —>
Amine - Hydrogenation / Reduction Carboxylic acid - Hydrolysis
53
Ester —>
Carboxylic acid - Hydrolysis Carboxylate - Hydrolysis
54
Acyl chloride —>
Carboxylic acid - Hydrolysis Ester - Nucleophilic substitution Primary Amide - Nucleophilic substitution Secondary Amide - Nucleophilic substitution
55
—> Alkane
Alkene - Hydrogenation
56
—> Alkene
Alcohol - Elimination
57
—> Haloalkane
Alkane - Free radical substitution Alkene - Electrophilic addition Alcohol - Nucleophilic substitution
58
—> Alcohol
Alkene - Electrophilic addition Haloalkane - Nucleophilic substitution Aldehyde - Nucleophilic addition Ketone - Nucleophilic addition
59
—> Aldehyde
Alcohol - Oxidation
60
—> Carboxylic acid
Alcohol - Oxidation Aldehyde - Oxidation Nitrile - Hydrolysis Hydroxynitrile - Hydrolysis Ester - Hydrolysis Acyl chloride - Hydrolysis
61
—> Ketone
Alcohol - Oxidation
62
—> Nitrile
Haloalkane - Nucleophilic substitution
63
—> Hydroxynitrile
Aldehyde - Nucleophilic addition Ketone - Nucleophilic addition
64
—> Ester
Alcohol - Esterification Carboxylic acid - Esterification Acyl chloride - Nucleophilic substitution
65
—> Acyl chloride
Carboxylic acid - Nucleophilic substitution
66
—> Carboxylate
Ester - Hydrolysis
67
—> Amine
Haloalkane - Nucleophilic substitution Nitrile - Hydrogenation / Reduction Hydroxynitrile - Hydrogenation / Reduction
68
—> Primary Amide / Secondary Amide
Acyl chloride - Nucleophilic substitution
69

Chemistry (33 decks)

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