11) Basic Organic Concepts Flashcards
(27 cards)
Define general formula.
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series.
Define structural formula.
A formula with minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Define displayed formula.
A model that shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them.
Define skeletal formula.
A model created by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
Define homologous series.
A series of organic compounds with the same functional group, but every successive member differs by one alkyl group.
Define functional group.
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.
Give the general formula of an alkyl group.
CnH2n+1
Define aliphatic compound.
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.
Define alicyclic compound.
A compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.
Define aromatic compound.
A compound containing a benzene ring.
Define saturated.
A molecule with only single carbon-carbon bonds.
Define unsaturated molecule.
A molecule with multiple carbon-carbon bonds, including double, triple, and aromatic rings.
Define structural isomer.
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Describe homolytic fission.
When a bond breaks and each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals.
Describe heterolytic fission.
When a bond breaks and one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair.
Define radical.
A species with an unpaired electron.
What is the alkane functional group?
C-C
What is the alkene functional group?
C=C
What is the alcohol functional group?
-OH
What is the aldehyde functional group?
-CHO
What is the ketone functional group?
C-CO-C
What is the carboxylic acid functional group?
-COOH
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
