15) Haloalkanes

Question 1

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 1

Atoms/groups of atoms which are attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where they donate a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Question 2

What is the mechanism used when haloalkanes become alcohols and vice versa?

Answer 2

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 3

Give the overall equation for the breakdown on the ozone layer.

Answer 3

O3+O. -> 2O2

Question 4

Give the initiation stage for the breakdown of the ozone layer.

Answer 4

CX4 (+UV) -> CX3 + X.

Question 5

Give the propagation stage for the breakdown of the ozone layer.

Answer 5

Cl. + O3 -> ClO. + O2
ClO. + O. -> Cl. + O2
ClO. + O3 -> Cl. +2O2

Question 6

Define photodissociation.

Answer 6

A chemical reaction in which covalent bonds are broken by photons.