1.1 - Mechanisms of Action of Drugs

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Study of drugs

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Drug does to body

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

Body to drug

Question 4

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 4

Rational use of drugs

Question 5

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 5

Integrates differences in genetic of individuals

Question 6

Classificattion based on General Use:

Answer 6

• Functional Modifier
• Replenishers
• Diagnostic Agents
• Chemotherapeutic Agents

Question 7

Alters the physiologic and biochemical activity

Answer 7

Functional Modifier
– Beta blockers
– Antipyretics

Question 8

Supplement endogenous substances that are insufficient

Answer 8

Replenishers
– Diabetes mellitus
– Peenicious anemia

Question 9

Confirm/ Establish diagnosis of disease

Answer 9

Diagnostic Agents
– Tensilon Test
– Stress Testing
– Tc 99m Sestamibi and Thallium 20

Question 10

Kill and inhibit growth of cells or multiplication of nucleic acids that are foreign to body

Answer 10

Chemotherapeutic Agents
– Anti infectives
– Antineoplastic

Question 11

Target Protein Mediated Mechanism

Answer 11

• Structural Proteins

* Regulatory Proteins

Question 12

Drugs that interfere with microtubules

Answer 12

• Colchicines
• Vinca
• Taxanes
• Estramustine
• Griseofulvin

Question 13

Regulatory Proteins

Answer 13

• Voltage-gated ions — changes in membrane potential
• Carrier molecules — transport proteins; conformational changes
• Enzymes -
• Receptors

Question 14

Carrier molecules

Answer 14

• Na-K ATPase Pump — (against concentration gradient) Digoxin
• K-H Pump/ PPI — PPI

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

• Phospholipase
• Cyclooxygenase
• 5-lipoxygenase
• MAO

Question 16

Monoamine oxidase

Answer 16

• MAO-A — NE, EPI, 5-HT

* MAO-B — Dopamine

Question 17

MAO Drugs (MPITS)

Answer 17

• Moclobemide
• Phenelzine
• Isocarboxazid
• Tranylcypromine
• Selegeline

Question 18

Receptors

Answer 18

• Type I
• Type II
• Type III
• Type IV

Question 19

Type I: Ionotropic/ Ligand -gated channel

Answer 19

• Nicotinic Receptor
• GABA-A Associated Ligand-gated
• Glycine Receptor
• 5-HT3 Receptor

Question 20

Nicotinic Receptors – ACTIVATORS

Answer 20

• Nicotine

* Lobeline

Question 21

Nicotinic Receptors – BLOCKERS

Answer 21

NMBs — Tubicurarine

Question 22

GABAA Receptors – ACTIVATORS

Answer 22

• BZDs
• Barbiturates
• GABA

Question 23

GABA A Recpetors – BLOCKERS

Answer 23

Flumazenil (BZD Binding Site)

Question 24

Glycine Receptors – BLOCKERS

Answer 24

Strychnine

Question 25

5-HT3 RECEPTORS – BLOCKERS

Answer 25

"-setron" • Ondansetron • Granisetron • Palonosetron

Question 26

Type II: Metabotropic/ 7-transmembrane Spanning/ G-protein coupled

Answer 26

* Gs * Gi * Gq

Question 27

Gs — stimulates (⬆️ CAMP)

Answer 27

* Beta receptors * 5-HT * Histamine receptors

Question 28

Gs ACTIVATORS

Answer 28

Catecholamine

Question 29

Gs BLOCKER

Answer 29

Beta blockers (-"olol")

Question 30

Gi — inhibits (⬇️ CAMP)

Answer 30

* Presynaptic receptor a2 | * PHT 1A receptor

Question 31

Gi ACTIVATORS

Answer 31

``` Anti-HTNsives • Clonidine • Methyldopa • Guanfacine • Guanabenz ```

Question 32

Gq — Contraction (stinulates PLC)

Answer 32

* a1 receptors * Post synaptic a2 receptors * M1 and M3 receptors

Question 33

Gq ACTIVATORS

Answer 33

* EPI * NE * Dopamine

Question 34

Gq BLOCKERS

Answer 34

* Prazosin | * Phenoxybenzamine

Question 35

Type III: Tyrosine-Kinase Linked Receptor

Answer 35

* Insulin * Gucokinase * Glut II and Glut IV * VEGFR * TK Inhibitors

Question 36

Type IV: Gene Transcription Link/ Nuclear Receptors

Answer 36

* Thyroid hormone * Steroid hormone receptors * Vitamin D and Vitamin D derivatives

Question 37

Non Target Protein Mediated | – ✖️binding site

Answer 37

* Colligative/ Mass Effect * Direct Chemical Interaction * Counterfeit Mechanism aka Incorporation

Question 38

Dependent on the # of solute particles in the soluton | — ⬇️ FP, ⬇️ VP, ⬆️ BP, OP

Answer 38

Colligative Mechanism | — Mannitol

Question 39

Direct Chemical Interaction

Answer 39

* Neutralization | * Chelation

Question 40

Neutralization | — Acid-base reaction

Answer 40

* Antacid for hyperacidity * NAHCO3 for metabolic acidosis * Protamine for Heparin Toxicity

Question 41

Chelation

Answer 41

Deferoxamine for Iron (Fe) Poisoning

Question 42

Counterfeit Mechanism aka Incorporation

Answer 42

Antimetabolites (Purine and Pyrimidine Analogs)