11. Urinary System

Question 1

3 regions of kidney:

Answer 1

renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis

Question 2

Renal cortex:

Answer 2

outer area of kidney, contains nephrons

Question 3

Renal medulla:

Answer 3

contains renal pyramids and renal columns

Question 4

Renal pyramids:

Answer 4

collecting ducts within renal medulla

Question 5

Renal columns:

Answer 5

remaining nephrons, blood vessels within renal medulla

Question 6

Nephrons:

Answer 6

functional units of kidneys

Question 7

Renal pelvis:

Answer 7

funnel shaped, continuous with ureter

collects and directs urine, uses peristalsis and gravity

Question 8

Glomerulus:

Answer 8

knot of capillaries within cup-shaped glomerular capsule

endothelium of capillaries very porous

Question 9

Glomerular capsule:

Answer 9

renal tubing that closely surrounds glomerulus

Question 10

Urinary system regulates:

Answer 10

water volume, ion salts concentration, pH levels

also influenced red blood cell production & blood pressure

Question 11

Filtration:

Answer 11

first stage, takes place in glomerulus.
Passive, nonselective process
Everything small enough goes through (not blood cells or protein)
Resulting liquid collected in glomerular capsule is called filtrate

Question 12

Reabsorption:

Answer 12

Second stage - in proximal convoluted tubule

Mostly active process (ATP), some passive

Reabsorbs useful substances i.e: water, glucose, amino acids and ions

Nitrogenous waste (creatine, urea, uric acid) & excess water NOT absorbed

Question 13

Secretion:

Answer 13

Last stage - in renal tubule to ureter

Active transport, passive diffusion

Gets rid of hydrogen, bicarbonate, creatine, nitrogenous wastes

Question 14

Production of urine is influenced by:

Answer 14

blood volume and pressure

Question 15

Aldosterone:

Answer 15

a mineralocorticoid released by adrenal gland

Aids in sodium/potassium balance

Question 16

Renal calyces:

Answer 16

central collecting areas in each kidney

Question 17

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce:

Answer 17

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions

Question 18

Stimuli for release of aldosterone:

Answer 18

low BP
low sodium in blood
high potassium in blood