5. Muscular System

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

decreases the angle of a joint

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

increases the angle of a joint

Question 3

Rotation

Answer 3

movement of bone around it’s longitudinal axis

Question 4

Abduction

Answer 4

away from the midline

Question 5

Adduction

Answer 5

towards midline

Question 6

Dorsiflexion of foot

Answer 6

toes towards head

Question 7

Plantar flexion of foot

Answer 7

pointing toes away from head

Question 8

Supination

Answer 8

radius and ulna are parallel, palms face anteriorly

Question 9

Pronation

Answer 9

radius rotates over ulna, palms face posteriorly

Question 10

The 3 types of muscle tissue:

Answer 10

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

Question 11

Muscle tissues differ in:

Answer 11

structure
function
location
activation

Question 12

4 qualities of muscle tissue:

Answer 12

excitability/irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

Question 13

Excitability/irritability:

Answer 13

ability to receive and respond to stimuli

Question 14

Contractility:

Answer 14

ability to shorten forcibly

Question 15

Extensibility:

Answer 15

ability to be stretched or extended

Question 16

Elasticity:

Answer 16

ability to recoil and resume resting length

Question 17

Cardiac muscle tissue:

Answer 17

branching chains of cells, uninucleate, striations, intercalated discs
involuntary - controlled by pacemaker, NS, hormones

Question 18

Intercalated discs

Answer 18

stick cardiac muscle cells close to each other to allow ions to travel quickly from cell to cell

Question 19

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 19

single, fusiform, uninucleate, no striations

involuntary - controlled by NS, hormones, chemicals, stretch

Question 20

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 20

single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate, very obvious striations
under voluntary control

Question 21

A muscle is an organ composed of:

Answer 21

muscle tissue
blood vessels
nerve fibres
connective tissue

Question 22

Epimysium

Answer 22

outer wrapping of connective tissue around a muscle

Question 23

Fascicles

Answer 23

bundles of muscle fibres wrapped in connective tissue

perimysium

Question 24

Perimysium

Answer 24

connective tissue wrapped around fascicles

Question 25

Muscle fibre

Answer 25

single muscle cell | long and thin

Question 26

Endomysium

Answer 26

connective tissue wrapped around each muscle fibre

Question 27

Sarcolemma

Answer 27

cell wall of muscle cell

Question 28

Myofibrils:

Answer 28

complex organelle made of bundles of myofilaments contractile elements within muscle fibre/cell densely packed, rod-like

Question 29

Sarcomere:

Answer 29

smallest contractile unit of a skeletal muscle | region of a myofibril between 2 successive Z discs

Question 30

Two types of myofilaments with myofibril:

Answer 30

actin and myosin

Question 31

Actin:

Answer 31

thin myofilament - contractile proteins

Question 32

Myosin:

Answer 32

thick myofilament - contractile proteins

Question 33

Describe the arrangement of myofibrils within a muscle cell:

Answer 33

perfectly aligned repeating series of dark A bands and light I bands

Question 34

A single segment of thick and thin filaments and the Z disc is called a ________

Answer 34

sarcomere

Question 35

A single motor neuron and all it's connections to muscle cells is called a ________

Answer 35

motor unit

Question 36

Describe a small motor unit:

Answer 36

a motor neuron connected to a few muscle fibres | needed for fine control

Question 37

Describe a large motor unit:

Answer 37

a motor neuron connected to many muscle fibres | generates higher force

Question 38

What is acetylcholine (ACh)?

Answer 38

the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle

Question 39

Tension:

Answer 39

an active muscle | cross-bridges attempt to contract the length of sarcomere

Question 40

Concentric contraction:

Answer 40

a shortening muscle | active muscle with sarcomeres shortening

Question 41

Eccentric contraction:

Answer 41

a lengthening muscle | active muscle with sarcomeres lengthening

Question 42

Isometric contraction:

Answer 42

no change in muscle length | active muscle with no shortening or lengthening

Question 43

Where would you find vesicles containing acetylcholine?

Answer 43

in axon terminals

Question 44

Circumduction

Answer 44

circular movement of a bone at a joint

Question 45

Eversion

Answer 45

turning the sole of foot outward, with the weight of the inside of foot

Question 46

Inversion

Answer 46

turning the sole inwards, weight on outside of foot

Question 47

Sarcoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 47

organelle within muscle cell, stores calcium ions