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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Nervous System - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the visceral nervous system collect information from?

A
  • within the body

- Internal organs

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2
Q

Where does the Visceral Nervous System distribute motor impulses?

A
  • Glands

- Muscles of internal organs

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3
Q

What is different about the pathway between the Somatic Nervous System and the Visceral nervous system?

A 
Somatic
- Fast pathway
- myelinated neuron
- one neuron from the CNS to target
Visceral 
- Slow pathway
- Unmyelinated Neuron
- Ganglion between CNS and target organ
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4
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  • The motor component of the visceral nervous system
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5
Q

What are the two major subsections of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous System (fight of flight)

- Parasympathetic Nervous System (rest and digest)

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6
Q

Where does the Sympathetic Nervous System originate from?

A
  • Lateral Horn of T1-L2 Segments of the Spinal Cord
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7
Q

Where does the Parasympathetic Nervous System originate from?

A
  • Brainstem and Spinal Cord
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8
Q

What are the pre & post-ganglionic Neurons? Where do they synapse?

A 
Preganglionic Neurons 
- Primary Cell Bodies
Postganglionic Neurons
- Secondary Cell Bodies
Synapse
- The Ganglions
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9
Q

Do both Autonomic Nervous Systems have Pre/Postganglionic neurons?

A
  • Yes
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10
Q

Do all fibers that enter the Ganglion Synapse there?

A
  • No, some just pass through
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11
Q

Where does the Sympathetic Nervous System originate from and where can their neurons synapse?

A

Originate
- T1-L2 lateral horns (primary sympathetic neurons)
Synapse
- Para-vertebral Ganglia (secondary Sympathetic Neurons)
- Pre-vertebral Ganglia (secondary Sympathetic Neurons)

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12
Q

What is the structure of the Para-vertebral Ganglia?

A
  • Continous chain (sympathetic chain or trunk)
  • located on each side of the spinal cord
  • Starts at either side of the neck
  • Connects at end of vertebral column at coccyx region
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13
Q

What does the most superior region of the para-vertebral ganglia form?

A
  • cervical ganglions which supply the head and neck
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14
Q

How do Para-vertebral ganglia communicate with the spinal nerves?

A
  • White Ramus Communicans

- Grey Ramus Communicans

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15
Q

Describe the Pathway of the White Ramus Communicans. Myelinated?

A
  • Carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lateral horn (ventral root) to
  • Spinal Nerve (ventral Ramus) to
  • the Paravertebral Ganglion

Myelinated

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16
Q

Describe the pathway of Gray Ramus Communicans. Myelinated?

A
  • takes the postganglionic neuron out of the paravertebral ganglia
  • to the spinal nerve
  • to the target organ (head and neck, upper limbs, thorax, and lower limbs)
  • unmyelinated*
17
Q

What are the Pre-Vertebral Ganglia?

A
  • Secondary Sympathetic Neurons
  • Found in the abdomen in front of the vertebral column
  • Synapse location for preganglionic fibers that do not synapse in the sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia)
18
Q

What is a splanchnic nerve?

A
  • a preganglionic fiber that does not synapse in the paravertebral ganglia
  • synapses in the prevertebral ganglions
19
Q

What does the neurons from the prevertebral ganglia supply?

A
  • abdominal viscera

- pelvic viscera

20
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate and how does it interact with organs?

A

Originates
- Brainstem or the Sacral S2-S4 sections
Interact
- Preganglionic fibers go directly to the target organ or ganglia very close to it (visceral ganglion)

21
Q

What is the difference between the Pre/Postganglionic fibers and ganglion of the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems?

A 
Parasympathetic
- Preganglionic Fibers: Longer 
- Postganglionic Fibers: Shorter
- Ganglion: only Visceral (located close to target organ)
Sympathetic
- Preganglionic Fibers: Shorter 
- Postganglionic Fibers: Longer
- Ganglion: 2, Paravertebral and Prevertebral, located beside and in front of the vertebral column respectively.
22
Q

What 4 Cranial Nerves have Parasympathetic Nuclei? Where are they located?

A 
Cranial Nerves
- CN III: oculomotor nerve
- CN VII: Facial Nerve
- CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- CN X: Vagus Nerve
Location
- Brainstem
23
Q

Where do the Facial, Oculomotor, & Glossopharyngeal Cranial Nerves provide parasympathetic nerves?

A
  • The Head and Neck
24
Q

Where does Cranial Nerve III supply parasympathetic nerves?

A

Oculomotor Nerve:

- Targets the constrictor muscles of the iris, causing miosis (constriction)

25
Q

Where does the VII Cranial Nerve supply parasympathetic nerves?

A

Facial Nerve

  • Lacrimal Gland
  • sublingual salivary gland
  • Submandibular Salivary Gland
26
Q

Where does Cranial Nerve IX supply parasympathetic nerves?

A

Glossophyseal Nerve

- Parotid Salivary Gland

27
Q

What is Unique about Cranial Nerve X? Where does it supply parasympathetic nerves?

A

Vagus Nerve

  • Unique: Only Cranial Nerve that innervates organs outside of the head and neck
  • Parasympathetic Nerves: Thorax and Abdomen until the left 1/3 of transverse colon
28
Q

Where are the ganglions located for Cranial Nerve X?

A

Vagus Nerve

- Ganglions located in the target organs, eg. cardiac ganglion, pulmonary ganglion

29
Q

What do spinal segments provide parasympathetic neurons and what do they innervate?

A
  • S2-S4: targets pelvic organs
30
Q

What parts of the body do not have parasympathetic nerves?

A
  • Upper Limb

- Lower Limb

31
Q

Where do Autonomic Parasympathetic Nerves from the Cranial Nerves III, VII, and IX innervate?

A

CN III: Oculomotor
CN VII: Facial
CN IX: Glossophyseal
- the Head and Neck

32
Q

What part of the Autonomic Nervous system sends parasympathetic nerves to the abdomen and thorax?

A
  • Cranial Nerve X: Vagus
33
Q

What part of the autonomic nervous system sends parasympathetic nerves to the distal abdominal and pelvic organs?

A
  • Pelvis Splanchnic Nerves (S2-S4)
34
Q

What part spinal segments send sympathetic nerves everywhere in the body?

A
  • T1-L2 segments

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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