Leukaemia Flashcards
Leukaemia is a cancer affecting which type of blood cells?
Stem cells (either lymphoid or myeloid)
What are the four types of leukaemia?
- Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
- Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
Which mnemonic can you use to remember the different types of leukaemia in the order they present (age)?
ALL CeLLmates have CoMmon AMbitions:
- Under 5 and over 45 = ALL
- Over 55 = CLL
- Over 65 = CML
- Over 75 = AML
Describe the clinical features of leukaemia
- Abnormal bruising/bleeding
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Fatigue and pallor (anaemia)
- Typical symptoms of malignancy: fever, night sweats, weight loss/FTT in children
In leukaemia, FBC will typically show…
Very high WCC
What are the differentials for a petechial rash?
- Leukaemia
- Meningococcal septicaemia
- HSP (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura)
- ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)
- NAI (Non Accidental Injury)
What is the diagnostic investigation for leukaemia?
Bone marrow biopsy
Which type of leukaemia is associated with Down’s syndrome?
ALL
In ALL, blood film will show what type of cells?
Blast cells
Which leukaemia is the most common in adults overall?
CLL
Which type of leukaemia is associated with both warm haemolytic anaemia and Richter’s transformation into lymphoma?
CLL
In CLL, blood film will show what type of cells?
Smear or smudge cells
Which type of leukaemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML
Which leukaemia may be the result of transformation from a myeloproliferative disorder?
AML
AML is associated with which finding on blood film?
Auer rods
