Chapter 16 Attitudes to Empire - role of individuals (not necessary) Flashcards
Where and when did Ghandi start his career?
As a lawyer in South Africa, practising for 20 years (before 1893)
When did Ghandi return to India and which role did he take?
1915 as President of the Indian National Congress
Which activities established Ghandi as national figure?
- 1917/18 he championed the downtrodden indingo workers (Bihar)
- mediated in a textile industry dispute
- dispute over land taxes in Gujarat
When did Ghandi’s campaigns for full independence begin?
After the 1919 Amritsar Massacre
What did Ghandi organise in the following years?
- Non-Cooperation Movement 1920
- anti-salt tax campaign 1930
- Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930-1931
- Quit India Movement 1942
Why and when was Ghandi assassinated?
1948 by a militant Hindu nationalist who accused him of showing a bias for Muslims (unjustly)
“Hind Swaraj”
Home Rule for India
Ghandis beliefs (5)
- Hind Swaraj expressed in 1909
- favoured peaceful resistance (satyagraha)
- harmonious relations between Hindus and Muslims
- rejected social divisions such as the caste system
- independent India based on its spiritual and social traditions
“stayagraha”
“insistence in the truth”
peaceful protest
“hartals”
strikes
“swadeshi”
boycotts
Ghandi’s importance
- His actions made it difficult for the British to respond
- British saw themselves as peaceful, democratic people
- Moral conflict by breaking up the non-violent protests such as anti-salt tax campaign
- embarrasing for the British that ultimately their rule rested not on benign methods
Anti Salt Tax campaign
1930, 24days march to Dandi, Ghandi and 80.000 arrested
When and how was the Colonial Office split?
1925 responding to the changed circumstances
Dominions Office and Colonial Office
Concept of trusteeship
colonies were to be ruled in a way that looked after the interests of the indigenous peoples
economic development should benefit the indigenous
