Chapter 6 Relations with indigenous people

Question 1

Where and among whom did the Mutiny break out

Answer 1

sepoys serving in the Bengal army

Question 2

Why did the Mutiny break out

Answer 2

Traditional explanation : cartridges in the new Enfield rifles greased with animal fat
Real trigger : Anger of landlords and nobles deprived of their lands

Question 3

When did the Mutiny start and when did it end?

Answer 3

February 1857 Sepoy’s refused to take orders and turned against their British officials
June 1858 final battle at Gwalior

Question 4

Name some benefits and drawbacks of the British Raj?

Answer 4

railways - but geared to needs of control and trade; most villages lacked infrastructure offered markets

Monoculture; India became dependent on food imports and consumption per head declined

irrigation; only affected 6% of the land

cheap manufactures- Indian industries were unable to compete

education - only the privileged benefitted

Poverty continued, high death rates and famines

Question 5

Effect of Viceroy Canning’s tour?

Answer 5

Return land and titles to natives

Star of India medals

Positions in the Imperial Assembly or the Civil Service for Indian nobility

More educational establishments

Question 6

When was the Indian National Congress formed

Answer 6

1884

Question 7

When was Natal annexed

Answer 7

1845

Question 8

When did Britain recognise the Boer states?

Answer 8

in the 1850’s

Question 9

Key term Bantu

Answer 9

Bantu peoples is used as a general label for the 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages, including the Xhosa, Pedi and Zulu tribes.

Question 10

Key term West Griqualand

Answer 10

this state had been founded by the Griqua people, a Khoi Khoi tribe, which had left the Cape Colony to avoid racial persecution.

Question 11

What opened the path for greater friction in the region?

Answer 11

Discovery of diamonds near Kimberley (West Griqualand) triggering a diamond rush 1867

Question 12

When is Basutoland annexed

Answer 12

1868

Question 13

When did the British take West Griqualand

Answer 13

1871

Question 14

When was Griqualand East established and annexed?

Answer 14

In 1873 and annexed in 1874

Question 15

When did the British propose a federation of British and Boer territory?

Answer 15

1875, firm rejection of the Boers

Question 16

When was the Xhosa War

Answer 16

1877-1878

Question 17

When and why did the British announce the annexation of the Transvaal?

Answer 17

1877 in order to defend the european settlers against the Pedi and Zulu tribe

Question 18

When was the invasion into Zululand launched?

Answer 18

January 1879

Question 19

When did the Boers declare full independence from the British?

Answer 19

Immediately after the British had defeated the Zulus in 1880

Question 20

What is the name and when did the British suffer a humiliating defeat by the Boers?

Answer 20

Majuba Hill, February 1881, 150 Britons were killed,

Question 21

What did the defeat at Majuba Hill result in?

Answer 21

British signed the Pretoria Convention, Boer independence

Question 22

When and where did the Germany arrive in Africa?

Answer 22

south-west Africa 1884

Question 23

When and why was Bechuanaland annexed

Answer 23

1885 to prevent a German/Boer unification

Question 24

When was gold discovered at Witwaterstrand, near the Transvaal capital?

Answer 24

1886

Question 25

When was a fort in Salisbury established?

Answer 25

September 1890, Rhodes,

Question 26

How did the British treat the Bantu people?

Answer 26

land was increasingly eroded

even though Diamonds and Gold had been discovered, the wealth was unequally distributed, profits remained in the hands of white settlers

Laws to limit the right of Africans to claim mines or trade in their products

Black workers were forgiven to live where they wanted

Question 27

Who was responsible for the Xhosa, Zulu and First Boer War

Answer 27

Administrator Bartle Frere, later recalled to London by Gladstone and dismissed

Question 28

Extension of education after the mutiny

Answer 28

In the 30 years after 1857

60.000 Indians entered university

(population of approx. 240million)

Question 29

Economic benefits for India

Answer 29

Access to the Empire’s markets

Number of tea plantations increased from 1 in 1851 to 295 in 1871