Pathology - Vascular and Pleural Disease Flashcards
what two sets of arteries make up the pulmonary circulation?
pulmonary arteries
bronchial arteries
what are the bronchial arteries a branch of?
the thoracic aorta
what is oedema?
an unusual collection of fluid
what are the three possible outcomes of ARDS?
death
resolution
fibrosis
who gets neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
premature infants
what causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
surfactant deficiency
what cells produce surfactant?
type 2 alveolar cells
what does surfactant do?
decreases the effort needed to expand the lungs
what is an embolus?
a detached intravascular mass carried by the blood to a site of the body distant from where it originated
name some types of emboli
blood clot gas fat foreign bodies tumour
what is a pulmonary embolus (PE)?
an emboli that gets stuck in the lung
what is the source of most PEs?
DVT of the lower limbs
how do large PEs present?
severe symptoms - SOB, chest pain, haemoptysis, collapse
sudden death
how do small PEs prresent?
clinically silent
can present with pulmonary hypertension if recurrent
which type of pleural effusion has low protein and which has high protein?
low = transudate high = exudate
