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anatomy and physiology > Axial and appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial and appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

frontal bone

A

front part of skull

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2
Q

parietal bones

A
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3
Q

how many bones in axial skeleton and what types?

A

skull, rib cage, spinal column, sternum together make up 80 bones

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4
Q

lamina

A

plates of the arch on a vertebrae

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5
Q

pedicle

A

“foot” of vertebrae. On a vertebrae, the pedicle protrudes from the main bone body next to the vertebral foramen

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6
Q

spinous process

A

posteromedial projection between junction of 2 laminae

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7
Q

laminae/ a lamina- vertebrae

A

area/arch between the superior process and transverse process

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8
Q

transverse process

A

lateral extension from arch

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9
Q

superior/inferior articular process- vertebral column

A

a common feature on vertebrae. protrude from pedicle-lamina junction. successive vertebra join at body and articular process.

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10
Q

Atlas C1 vetebra

A

no spinous process nor vertebral body.

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11
Q

Atlas: the superior articular facets hold?

A

the occipital condyles (base of skull)

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12
Q

Axis C2

A
  • contains the dens and sits within the facet for the dens. allows rotation of movement such as when nodding NO
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13
Q

Dens

A

projects superiorly from body of axis, sits within dens facet on anterior arch of the atlas

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14
Q

Sacrum- apex

A

tip of triangle (inferior on the shape)

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15
Q

Sacrum- base

A

base of triangle (superior on the shape)

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16
Q

Sacrum- auricular surface

A

Articulates (forms joint with) hip bones

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17
Q

Sacrum- superior articular surface

A

joins to lumbar L5

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18
Q

Sternum- manubrium

A
  • the top of sternum aka ‘knot of neck tie’
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19
Q

sternum- clavicular notches

A

allow for clavicular articulation (connection)

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20
Q

sternum- costal notches

A
  • allow rib articulation. note: costal refers to rib
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21
Q

sternum- body

A

main bulk of sternum

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22
Q

costal notches on body of sternum

A

allow rib articulation

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23
Q

sternum- xiphoid process

A
  • originally cartilage which becomes bone structure. sword like structure, very fragile and helps s connection point for muscles.
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24
Q

true ribs

A

cartilage has direct attachment to sternum

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25
Q

false ribs and floating ribs

A
  • floating ribs don’t have cartilage attached to sternum, act as muscle attachment points
  • false ribs are joined to a common piece of cartilage first before joining to sternum.
26
Q

thoracic cage- tubercle

A

articulates with transverse process of vertebrae.

27
Q

pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle that attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton

28
Q

clavicle

A

medial end (cone shaped) joins the manubrium, the distal end (flattened) joins to the scapula at acromion

29
Q

pectoral girdle- acromion

A

posterior and is a continuation of the scapula. articulates with the acromial end of clavicle

30
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blades

31
Q

supra and infraspinous fossa on scapula

A

ditch on bone just above and below the spine of the scapula, visible from posterior view

32
Q

coracoid process on scapula

A

anterosuperior finger-like projection

33
Q

glenpid cavity- scapula

A

the head of the humerus fits in here

34
Q

Humerus

A

upper arm bone

35
Q

humerus- medial and lateral epicondyles

A
  • medial epicondyle aka funny bone

- situated near the trochlea where the humerus connects to the elbow joint.

36
Q

humerus- capitulum

A

lateral, ball-like structure articulates with head of radius

37
Q

humerus- trochlea

A

anteromedial hourglass shape that is tipped on its side, articulates with ulna

38
Q

Ulna

A

longer than the radius, forms elbow joint with humerus

39
Q

ulna- olecranon process

A

elbow ‘point’

40
Q

ulna- trochlea notch

A

articulates with trochlea of humerus

41
Q

ulna- radial notch

A

articulates with head of radius

42
Q

radius head

A

articulates with capitulum of humerus

43
Q

Radius- radial tuberosity

A

biceps muscle anchors here.

44
Q

radius- carpal articular surface

A

articulates with carpal bones.

45
Q

carpal bones

A

wrist bones

46
Q

hip bones/ pelvic girdle

A

ilium

47
Q

hip bones/ pelvic girdle- ilium

A

superior region of hip bones (R-shape)

48
Q

pelvic girdle- ischium

A

inferior part of hip bones (U-shape)

49
Q

pelvic girdle- pubis

A

anterior (X-shape)

50
Q

Pelvic girdle- pelvic brim

A

imaginary circular line cutting from superior pubic crest to sacrum

51
Q

pelvic girdle- acetabulum

A

articulate with femur

52
Q

pelvic girdle- obturator foramen

A

opening for vessels and nerves

53
Q

femur- greater and lesser trochanters

A

attachment for thigh and buttock muscles

54
Q

femur- medial and lateral condyles

A

distal/posterior wheel like structures that articulate with the tibia (shin bone)

55
Q

femur- medial and lateral epicondyles

A

attachment points for muscles

56
Q

femur- patellar surface

A

smooth surface anteriorly between condyles for patella

57
Q

tibia- medial and lateral condyles

A

articulate with femur

58
Q

tibia bone is

A

the larger of the two lower leg bones

59
Q

tibial tuberosity- tibia

A

attachment for patellar ligament

60
Q

tibia- medial malleolus

A

inner bulge of ankle

61
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower limbs, girdles (shoulder and hip bones), make up 126 bones

anatomy and physiology (11 decks)

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