Transfusion Reactions

Question 1

how can acute transfusion reactions (ATRs) present?

Answer 1

fever
tachycardia 
hypotension 
chills
collapse

Question 2

what is the vital immediate action for all transfusion reactions?

Answer 2

stop the transfusion

ABCDE

Question 3

what is a possible cause of an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 3

ABO incompatibility

Question 4

how are acute haemolytic transfusion reactions managed?

Answer 4

stop transfusion
supportive measures
send bloods

Question 5

how does transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO) present?

Answer 5

respiratory distress <6 hours after transfusion
elevated BP + JVP
positive fluid balance

Question 6

what are some risk factors for TACO?

Answer 6

elderly patients
cardiac failure
renal impairment
fluid overload

Question 7

how is TACO managed?

Answer 7

oxygen + supportive care
diuretics
slow rate of further transfusions

Question 8

what is a mild transfusion reaction?

Answer 8

isolated temperature rise >38

or

rise of 1-2 degrees and rash

Question 9

what are two possible causes of mild transfusion reactions?

Answer 9

febrile non haemolytic reaction

mild allergic reaction

Question 10

what drugs may be beneficial in mild transfusion reactions?

Answer 10

paracetamol

antihistamine