lec 4 (complete, Slides Recommended)

Question 1

Superior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Inlet is bounded by

Posteriorly:

Anterolaterally:

Anteriorly:

Answer 1

By the promontory of sacrum and the margin of the ala of sacrum

By linea terminalis (arcuate line, pecten pubis, and pubic crest).

By upper border of pubic symphysis.

Question 2

Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet anterior limbs are formed by

Answer 2

the lower border of the symphysis pubis and ischiopubic rami.

Question 3

Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet posterior limbs of the aperture are formed by

Answer 3

the sacrotuberous ligaments, with the coccyx in the midline.

Question 4

Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet presents anteriorly

Answer 4

the pubic arch (subpubic angle), which lies between the ischiopubic rami

Question 5

Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet Laterally, on each side, the aperture exhibits

Answer 5

the greater and lesser sciatic notches

Question 6

the greater and lesser sciatic notches are converted by means of the ———– and the ———- into the greater and lesser sciatic foramena

Answer 6

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

Question 7

which muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 7

piriformis

Question 8

what passes through the greater sciatic foramen (upper and lower parts)

Answer 8

upper -> superior gluteal nerve and vessel
lower –> inferior gluteal nerve and vessel
pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris
sciatic nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
(rule of 2)

Question 9

Lesser sciatic foramen Provides an entrance into ——–

Greater Sciatic foramen Provides an exit from ———

Answer 9

the perineum from the gluteal region

pelvis into gluteal region

Question 10

Lesser sciatic foramen Through it passes the

Answer 10

tendon + nerve to obturator internus

pudendal nerve, and internal pudendal vessels.

Question 11

Lesser (True) Pelvis anterior wall:

Answer 11

1.The anterior wall: Is the shallowest wall, formed by symphysis pubis, and bodies and rami of pubic bones.

Question 12

Lesser (True) Pelvis lateral wall:

Answer 12

Is formed on each side by the part of hip bone below pelvic inlet, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments, obturator membrane, and obturator internus muscle and its covering fascia.

Question 13

Lesser (True) Pelvis posterior wall:

Answer 13

Is formed by sacrum, coccyx, and the two piriformis muscles and their covering fascia.

Question 14

Lesser (True) Pelvis The inferior wall (floor or pelvic diaphragm) It is formed anteriorly by ————–, and posteriorly by ———– posteriorly with their covering fascia.

Answer 14

levatores ani muscles

coccygeus muscles

Question 15

The pelvic diaphragm is incomplete anteriorly at pubic arch to allow passage of

Answer 15

urethra in the males, and urethra and vagina in the females.

Question 16

The parietal pelvic fascia is continuous above with ————– and below with ————

Answer 16

parietal fascia that lining abdominal wall

fascia of perineum

Question 17

perineal layer of parietal pelvic fascia forms ———–

Answer 17

superior fascial layer of urogenital diaphragm

Question 18

anal triangle contains ——– in midline and ———– on each side

Answer 18

anus

ischiorectal fossa

Question 19

The skin around anus is supplied by ————

Answer 19

inferior rectal nerve

Question 20

ischiorectal (anorectal) fossa formed by
medial wall—>
lateral wall–>
base—>

Answer 20

levator ani + anal canal
fascia covering obturator internus
skin of perineum

Question 21

on which wall of the ischiorectal fossa i can find the pudendal canal

Answer 21

lateral wall

Question 22

the urogenital triangle contains
male
female

Answer 22

In male, it contains root of penis and scrotum; in female, it contains external genitalia and orifices of urethra and vagina

Question 23

Superficial fascia

Consists two layers:

Answer 23

The fatty layer (fascia of camper)

The membranous layer (colles’ fascia)

Question 24

The fatty layer (fascia of camper) continuous with fat of ——– and ———–

Answer 24

ischiorectal fossa

superficial fascia of thigh

Question 25

The fatty layer (fascia of camper) anteriorly in scrotum the fat is replaced by —————-

Answer 25

dartos muscle

Question 26

The membranous layer (colles’ fascia) is attached posteriorly to ————–, and laterally to —————— , anteriorly with———–

Answer 26

posterior border of urogenital diaphragm
margins of pubic arch
superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall, the scarpa’s fascia

Question 27

The membranous layer (colles’ fascia) Over penis (or clitoris), It continued as a————-

Answer 27

tubular sheath

Question 28

The urogenital diaphragm is a triangular ———– diaphragm

Answer 28

musculofascial

Question 29

what fills the gap of the pubic arch

Answer 29

urogenital diaphragm

Question 30

The inferior layer of fascia of urogenital diaphragm is called ————

Answer 30

perineal membrane

Question 31

urogenital diaphragm is formed by ———— and————-, which are enclosed between a superior and inferior layer of fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Answer 31

sphincter urethrae

deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 32

posteriorly the urogenital diaphragm fuses with

Answer 32

the two fascial layers fuse with each other and with membranous layer of the superficial fascia and perineal body

Question 33

The close space that is contained between two urogenital diaphragm fascial layers is known as

Answer 33

deep perineal pouch

Question 34

The closed space below inferior layer of fascia of urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) is called —————–

Answer 34

superficial perineal pouch

Question 35

Bulbospongiosus muscles action
male
female

Answer 35

1- They compress penile part of urethra and empty it of residual urine or semen;

2- They compress deep dorsal vein of penis and clitoris ,
thus impeding venous drainage of erectile
tissue and there by assisting in process of
erection of penis and clitoris

3- reduce size of vaginal orifice

Question 36

perineal body is a ———— mass

Answer 36

fibromuscular

Question 37

Supplies muscles within the superficial perineal pouch and covering skin

Answer 37

Perineal branch of the pudendal nerve

Question 38

components of superficial perineal pouch

Answer 38

1- bulbospongiosus muscle + bulb of penis / vestibule
2- ischiocavernosus muscle + crura of clitoris / penis
3- Perineal branch of the pudendal nerve + superficial transverse perineal muscle
4- perineal body (larger in females)

Question 39

Deep Perineal Pouch contents

Answer 39

1- F-> part of urethra , M–> membranous part of urethra
2- Sphincter urethrae
3- M only –> bulbourethral glands , F only –> part of vagina
4- Deep transverse perineal muscles
5- Internal pudendal artery
6- Dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis