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Age of Crusades 3: Outremer after the Field of Blood 1119-1149 (Green) [Y12] > 1119-49: Crusader States > Flashcards

1119-49: Crusader States Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What period did Fulk reign?

A

1131 - 1143

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2
Q

What period did Baldwin III reign?

A

1143 - 1162

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3
Q

Who were the two main candidates for succession after Baldwin I’s death? What happened?

A

Eustace of Boulogne & Baldwin II of Edessa
Eustace’s supporters seek him in Europe, meanwhile Joscelin I crowns Baldwin II

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4
Q

What was Pons of Tripoli’s objection regarding Baldwin II? How did Pons rebel against Baldwin II?

A

dominance of Baldwin II in Antioch (after the Field of Blood)
refused to attend Council of Nablus (1120), openly opposed by 1122

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5
Q

How did Baldwin II respond to Pons’ rebelliousness? When? What was the consequence of this?

A

raised a large army and marched on Tripoli, Pons forced to give way
1122
Pons spared of formal submission, unofficial reconciliation and Baldwin II’s authority made clear

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6
Q

What year did Baldwin II get captured again? Who by?

A

1123
Balak

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7
Q

Who was proposed to replace Baldwin II? When? What happened?

A

Charles, Count of Flanders
1124 (during capture)
Charles refuses, Baldwin soon released

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8
Q

In what year did Baldwin II formally make Melisende his heir? When did Baldwin II secure marriage for Melisende? Who to?

A

1127
1129
Fulk of Anjou

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9
Q

What qualities were attributed to Fulk of Anjou? Why was he married to Melisende?

A

Rich, fertile, and a successful warrior
Jerusalem needed strong (male) leader to lead in battle

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10
Q

What was the name of Melisende and Fulk’s son? When was he born? Who was his sole guardian?

A

Baldwin III
1130
Melisende

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11
Q

Who were Baldwin II’s children?

A

Melisende (of Jerusalem)
Alice (of Antioch)
Hodierna (of Tripoli)
Ioveta

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12
Q

When did Bohemond II die? What happened next? What did Baldwin II demand?

A

1130
Alice (wife) makes claim to regency of Antioch
remarry, to provide guardian for Constance (daughter)

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13
Q

Who did Alice attempt to ally with in her attempt to keep control? When?

A

Zengi, the Muslim ruler of Aleppo
1130

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14
Q

What happened after Alice surrendered Antioch in 1130?

A

banished, and Joscelin I made guardian of Constance

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15
Q

In what year did Alice of Antioch exploit the death of Baldwin II and Joscelin I of Edessa? What did she do? Why?

A

1131
retake power in Antioch
opposed Fulk of Anjou

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16
Q

Who allied with Alice, due to alienation by Fulk? When?
Why?

A

Joscelin II & Pons of Tripoli
1131
Fulk rejected Joscelin II as guardian of Constance, and Pons sought more independence from Jerusalem

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17
Q

In what year did Fulk march an army to Antioch? What happened on his journey?

A

1132
blocked at Tripoli, had to sail around

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18
Q

What happened when Fulk reached Antioch? When?

A

Alice forced to surrender, Pons marches N to confront Fulk
1132

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19
Q

What bases did Pons use to confront Fulk in 1132? What was the outcome?

A

Arzghan & Rugia
Pons defeated by Fulk

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20
Q

What did Fulk attempt to do regarding Melisende? When? Who did this create tension between?

A

Exclude her from government
1131-36
Fulk’s Angevin followers vs Melisende’s Frankish barons

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21
Q

Who did Fulk promote? Who did this alienate?

A

his own followers from Anjou (France)
Outremer’s barons

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22
Q

What major scandal occurred involving Melisende? When?

A

1) rumoured relations between Hugh of Jaffa & Melisende
2) Hugh accused of plotting to kill Fulk
1134

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23
Q

What happened to Hugh of Jaffa after the scandal? When? Who was suspected of involvement?

A

took a mortal wound from an assassination attempt
1134
Fulk

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24
Q

When did Alice return to Antioch again after being defeated? Why? What did she do?

A

1135
Melisende’s influence
claim regency and seek Byzantine suitors for herself and Constance

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25
Who was Alice of Antioch to marry? When? What was the plan?
Raymond of Poitiers 1136 rule jointly for her daughter Constance
26
What was the truth behind the marriage of Raymond and Alice? What happened instead?
trick planned by Fulk Raymond secretly married Constance (daughter) upon entering Antioch, becomes Prince
27
Who were jointly crowned as co-rulers of Jerusalem? When? How old was the King?
Baldwin III and Melisende Christmas Day, 1143 13 yo
28
Who dominated the government after the coronation of Baldwin III? How?
Melisende support of nobility, e.g.: * Manasses of Hierges * Philip of Milly (Lord of Nablus) * Elinand of Bures (Prince of Galilee)
29
Who sent an army to support Edessa? When? Who led it?
Melisende of Jerusalem 1144 Manasses of Hierges, Philip of Milly, and Elinand of Bures
30
Why did Melisende send an army to Edessa in 1144? What was the outcome? What does this demonstrate?
assist Edessa against Zengi arrived too late, Edessa already fallen failures of Jerusalem's leaders to act quickly
31
What was Baldwin III's motivation for supporting the attack on Damascus?
expand Jerusalem’s territory and reduce Muslim threat
32
What city did Melisende prefer to attack instead of Damascus? Why?
Aleppo or Ascalon Damascus was ally of Jerusalem and opposed Zengid expansion
33
What did Baldwin II and Pons do after the Field of Blood? When?
Drove the Seljuks from Antioch at Hab Aug 1119
34
What did Baldwin II establish in the Kingdom of Jerusalem? When? What else did this drive?
legal system Council of Nablus (Jan 1120) The establishment of the Templars
35
What did Jerusalem's strong system of government allow when Baldwin II was captive? Where? When?
Eustace Grenier to defeat the Fatimids Battle of Yibneh 1123
36
Where did Baldwin II forces capture even though he was in captivity? Under who's command? When? With aid from who?
Tyre Patriarch Warmund of Jerusalem 1124 Venetians & Pons
37
What did Baldwin II assemble the knights from the crusader states for? When? What happened?
To meet the Seljuks at the Battle of Azaz 1125 The Franks were victorious despite their smaller army
38
What castle did Baldwin II build near Beirut? When? Why?
Mons Glavianus 1125 To impose order and secure taxes from the population
39
Where did Baldwin II defeat Tughtegin? When?
Battle of Marj al-Suffar 1126
40
Where did Baldwin II and Pons of Tripoli capture? When?
Rafaniya 1126
41
Where did Baldwin II take over regency? Why? When?
Antioch Bohemond II died 1130-1131
42
What did the state of Baldwin I's succession cause? When?
Tensions between nobles (Eustace vs Baldwin II) 1118
43
What happened to Baldwin II in 1123? Why? When was he released?
Taken captive by Balak Attempting to help captured Joscelin I of Edessa 1124
44
When did Baldwin II fail in his objective to capture Damascus?
1126 (after Marj al-Suffar) 1129 (Damascus Crusade)
45
When did Fulk become regent of Antioch? How did he restore order there? When did he do this?
1131-1135 Removed Princess Alice from her attempt to take power 1132
46
Where did Fulk assert his authority over Pons of Tripoli? When? Why?
Rugia 1132 Pons attempted to support rebellious Alice of Antioch
47
How did Fulk secure a strong leader for Antioch? When?
Arranged a marriage of Constance (Bohemond II and Alice's heiress) to Raymond of Poitiers 1136
48
Who did Fulk forge an alliance with against the growing threat of Zengi? When? When was this alliance renewed?
Unur of Damascus 1137 1140
49
What did Fulk oversee the construction of? When? What did this castle do?
Kerak 1140s Disrupted Muslim communications between Egypt, Syria and Arabia
50
Who were Fulk and Melisende's sons? When were they born?
Baldwin III (1130) Almaric (1136)
51
What did Fulk attempt to do which caused major tensions in the kingdom? When?
Exclude Melisende from government 1131-36
52
Where was Fulk defeated by Zengi? When?
Battle of Ba'rin (Montferrand) 1137
53
When was the Battle of Ba'rin? Who was it between? Who won?
1137 Fulk vs Zengi Zengi
54
Who did Fulk fail to co-operate with? When? Where? How?
Emperor John II of Byzantium 1137 Ba'rin lack of communication, Fulk surrenders to Zengi unaware of John's nearby relief force
55
Who did Bohemond II marry? When?
Alice, second daughter of Baldwin II 1126
56
Where did Bohemond II besiege and capture? When?
Kafartab 1127
57
What attack did Bohemond II aid in? When?
Baldwin II's unsuccessful crusade on Damascus 1129
58
When was Bohemond II killed? How?
1130 reckless attack against Armenians (& Danishmends)
59
What did Raymond of Antioch do which allowed him to keep his principality? When?
Submitted to Emperor John II's overlordship 1137
60
Who did Raymond of Antioch co-operate with? When? Where? Success/failure?
John II of Byzantium 1138 Siege of Shaizar successful siege
61
What was the failure at Shaizar? When? Who was disunified? Why?
disunity of Byzantines & Crusaders 1138 John II vs Raymond of Antioch after successful siege, Raymond stirs up Greek unrest and John II forced to leave city
62
What did Raymond of Antioch do which caused major bitterness? When?
Pressured Joscelin II of Edessa to acknowledge him as overlord 1140 onwards
63
Who was Raymond killed by? When? Where?
Nur ad-Din 1149 Battle of Inab
64
What did Pons do with the aid of Baldwin II? When?
Drove the Seljuk Turks from Antioch at Hab 1119 (after Field of Blood)
65
Where did Baldwin II and Pons capture in 1120s? What year?
Rafaniya 1126
66
Who captured and killed Pons? When?
Damascene Mamluks 1137
67
Who did Raymond II work closely with? From when onwards? What did he give them? When?
Hospitallers 1142 onwards Krak des Chevaliers 1144
68
When was Raymond II of Tripoli captured? Who by? Where?
1137 Zengi Ba'rin
69
When did Raymond II refuse to co-operate with the Second Crusade?
1148
70
Who did Joscelin I marry? When?
Maria, sister of Roger of Salerno 1122
71
Who did Joscelin I forge good relations with? What happened from this?
Armenians Helped him escape captivity in 1124
72
What battle did Joscelin I aid Baldwin II at? When?
Battle of Azaz 1125
73
What did Joscelin I do on his deathbed? What did this lead to? When?
Raised the morale of his forces Muslim retreat 1131
74
Where did Bohemond II and Joscelin I refure to co-operate? When?
Shaizar 1127-1130
75
Where did Joscelin II temporarily regain? When? When was it lost again? Who to?
Edessa 1146 a few days later Nur ad-Din
76
What city did Joscelin II lose? To who? When?
Edessa Zengi 1144
77
When was the fall of Edessa? Who did it fall to? Why was it lost? What technique was used to enter the city?
Dec 1144 Zengi (of Mosul/Aleppo) Joscelin II in Turbessel instead of defending sapping
78
Which Muslims were Edessa allied with? What weakened this alliance?
Artuqids Da'ud dies in 1144, leaving inexperienced Kara Arslan as leader
79
Which castles did Fulk build, in the South of the Kingdom of Jerusalem? When? Why?
Beth Gibelin (1136) Ibelin (1140) Blanchgard (1142) to menace Ascalon and defend against Fatimids

Age of Crusades 3: Outremer after the Field of Blood 1119-1149 (Green) [Y12] (5 decks)

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