1119-49: Latins and Byzantium Flashcards
(30 cards)
How were bonds between families of the West and Outremer strengthened? Who was Cecile of France married to?
Intermarriage
Tancred (m.1106)
Pons of Tripoli (m. 1112)
Why were men favoured as leaders of Outremer? What did the Latin West do to promote this in Outremer? Examples?
could lead armies in war
provided male heirs to marry into Outremer
Fulk of Anjou (1131), Raymond of Poitiers (1136)
How many children did Baldwin II have with Morphia? What did he seek for his eldest daughter Melisende? What was the result of this? When?
4 daughters
Latin husband (1127 onwards)
married Fulk V of Anjou
1129
When did Bohemond II die? Who was his heir? Who did she marry? When?
1130
infant daughter, Constance
Raymond of Poitiers
1136
Who came to fight on minor crusades and then lived in Outremer?
Western nobles (e.g. Fulk of Anjou)
What did the nobles bring with them when they came to fight in Outremer? What did this create?
feudal followers (e.g. nobles bring their retinues)
feudal systems in Outremer
What key political event took place in 1120? What month? What was discussed? What was the result?
Council of Nablus
Jan 1120
crises facing the crusader states
1) direct appeal to Pope Calixtus II for a new crusade to the Holy Land, passed on to Venice
2) establishment of Templars
3) establishment of Jerusalem’s laws
Where did the Venetians aid the capture of? When?
Tyre
1124
What did Baldwin II rally for? When?
proposed Damascus Crusade
1127-29
When was the Second Crusade launched? When did it arrive in Outremer?
December 1145
1148
What years was the Venetian Crusade? What did they not do which is important (considering that it was a consequence of the Field of Blood)?
1120-24
support Antioch
When was there little crusading activity?
1130-44
What happened to pilgrims before the Field of Blood? When? What was this a key driver of?
300 pilgrims massacred near the River Jordan
Easter 1119
The establishment of the Templars
What were the military orders divided into? What did this help them rapidly gain?
Hospitallers - Priories
Templars - Commanderies
wealth from West, sent to Outremer
What was greatly increased because of open support by the Latin Church? What began this?
recruits into military orders
“In Praise of the New Knighthood” (1129) by Bernard of Clairvaux
When was the Templar rule approved? What did this require? What had to be given up?
1129
take vows and live in a community as monks
All ties of property and family
What did the Hospitallers hire? Where did they defend? When?
Mercenaries (from the 1130s onwards)
Eastern border of County of Tripoli
1142 onwards
Which castle were the Hospitallers given? Where? From when?
Krak des Chaveliers
County of Tripoli
1142
Which castle did the Templars man? Where? From when?
Bagras castle
Principality of Antioch
1136
What was apparent about the size of the military orders, despite their popularity? When did they begin to meaningfully expand?
Still quite small
1130s (at the earliest)
Which Byzantine islands did the Venetian Crusade target?
winter 1122-23:
unsuccessfully besiege Korfu
winter 1124-25:
plunder Rhodes, Chios, Samos, Lesbos + Andros
capture Kefalonia
When did John II resolve the Venetian issues? How?
Aug 1126
signs treaty restoring 1082 agreement & Pisan privileges
When did John II succeed Alexios I? What controversy did he cause instantly? How did this boil over?
1118
refused to confirm 1082 trade treaty with Venetians, caused anger
1122-24 Venetian Crusade targetted Byzantine islands
Who formally acknowledged that he was John II’s vassal? When?
Raymond of Antioch
1137
